SCHEDULER(9)						   BSD Kernel Developer's Manual					      SCHEDULER(9)

NAME

     curpriority_cmp, maybe_resched, resetpriority, roundrobin, roundrobin_interval, sched_setup, schedclock, schedcpu, setrunnable, updatepri --
     perform round-robin scheduling of runnable processes

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/param.h>
     #include <sys/proc.h>

     int
     curpriority_cmp(struct proc *p);

     void
     maybe_resched(struct thread *td);

     void
     propagate_priority(struct proc *p);

     void
     resetpriority(struct ksegrp *kg);

     void
     roundrobin(void *arg);

     int
     roundrobin_interval(void);

     void
     sched_setup(void *dummy);

     void
     schedclock(struct thread *td);

     void
     schedcpu(void *arg);

     void
     setrunnable(struct thread *td);

     void
     updatepri(struct thread *td);

DESCRIPTION

     Each process has three different priorities stored in struct proc: p_usrpri, p_nativepri, and p_priority.

     The p_usrpri member is the user priority of the process calculated from a process' estimated CPU time and nice level.

     The p_nativepri member is the saved priority used by propagate_priority().  When a process obtains a mutex, its priority is saved in
     p_nativepri.  While it holds the mutex, the process's priority may be bumped by another process that blocks on the mutex.	When the process
     releases the mutex, then its priority is restored to the priority saved in p_nativepri.

     The p_priority member is the actual priority of the process and is used to determine what runqueue(9) it runs on, for example.

     The curpriority_cmp() function compares the cached priority of the currently running process with process p.  If the currently running
     process has a higher priority, then it will return a value less than zero.  If the current process has a lower priority, then it will return
     a value greater than zero.  If the current process has the same priority as p, then curpriority_cmp() will return zero.  The cached priority
     of the currently running process is updated when a process resumes from tsleep(9) or returns to userland in userret() and is stored in the
     private variable curpriority.

     The maybe_resched() function compares the priorities of the current thread and td.  If td has a higher priority than the current thread, then
     a context switch is needed, and KEF_NEEDRESCHED is set.

     The propagate_priority() looks at the process that owns the mutex p is blocked on.  That process's priority is bumped to the priority of p if
     needed.  If the process is currently running, then the function returns.  If the process is on a runqueue(9), then the process is moved to
     the appropriate runqueue(9) for its new priority.	If the process is blocked on a mutex, its position in the list of processes blocked on the
     mutex in question is updated to reflect its new priority.	Then, the function repeats the procedure using the process that owns the mutex
     just encountered.	Note that a process's priorities are only bumped to the priority of the original process p, not to the priority of the
     previously encountered process.

     The resetpriority() function recomputes the user priority of the ksegrp kg (stored in kg_user_pri) and calls maybe_resched() to force a
     reschedule of each thread in the group if needed.

     The roundrobin() function is used as a timeout(9) function to force a reschedule every sched_quantum ticks.

     The roundrobin_interval() function simply returns the number of clock ticks in between reschedules triggered by roundrobin().  Thus, all it
     does is return the current value of sched_quantum.

     The sched_setup() function is a SYSINIT(9) that is called to start the callout driven scheduler functions.  It just calls the roundrobin()
     and schedcpu() functions for the first time.  After the initial call, the two functions will propagate themselves by registering their call-
     out event again at the completion of the respective function.

     The schedclock() function is called by statclock() to adjust the priority of the currently running thread's ksegrp.  It updates the group's
     estimated CPU time and then adjusts the priority via resetpriority().

     The schedcpu() function updates all process priorities.  First, it updates statistics that track how long processes have been in various
     process states.  Secondly, it updates the estimated CPU time for the current process such that about 90% of the CPU usage is forgotten in 5 *
     load average seconds.  For example, if the load average is 2.00, then at least 90% of the estimated CPU time for the process should be based
     on the amount of CPU time the process has had in the last 10 seconds.  It then recomputes the priority of the process and moves it to the
     appropriate runqueue(9) if necessary.  Thirdly, it updates the %CPU estimate used by utilities such as ps(1) and top(1) so that 95% of the
     CPU usage is forgotten in 60 seconds.  Once all process priorities have been updated, schedcpu() calls vmmeter() to update various other sta-
     tistics including the load average.  Finally, it schedules itself to run again in hz clock ticks.

     The setrunnable() function is used to change a process's state to be runnable.  The process is placed on a runqueue(9) if needed, and the
     swapper process is woken up and told to swap the process in if the process is swapped out.  If the process has been asleep for at least one
     run of schedcpu(), then updatepri() is used to adjust the priority of the process.

     The updatepri() function is used to adjust the priority of a process that has been asleep.  It retroactively decays the estimated CPU time of
     the process for each schedcpu() event that the process was asleep.  Finally, it calls resetpriority() to adjust the priority of the process.

SEE ALSO

     mi_switch(9), runqueue(9), sleepqueue(9), tsleep(9)

BUGS

     The curpriority variable really should be per-CPU.  In addition, maybe_resched() should compare the priority of chk with that of each CPU,
     and then send an IPI to the processor with the lowest priority to trigger a reschedule if needed.

     Priority propagation is broken and is thus disabled by default.  The p_nativepri variable is only updated if a process does not obtain a
     sleep mutex on the first try.  Also, if a process obtains more than one sleep mutex in this manner, and had its priority bumped in between,
     then p_nativepri will be clobbered.

BSD
								 November 3, 2000							       BSD