echo doesn't try to translate anything unless you tell it to. You can send arbitrary ASCII characters with echo like
The -e part tells it to convert \x codes into ASCII characters. -n tells it not to apppend a newline.
I also have a suspicion this fd-opening thing is only working because 'echo' is a bash builtin so doesn't need to launch a new process. Try to avoid pipes and such to avoid unexpected problems writing to the serial device..
---------- Post updated at 02:06 PM ---------- Previous update was at 01:59 PM ----------
Did you make a typo? That's not the device you were using before.
I'm trying to unmount a file system, but umount says the device is busy. A fuser -c /myfs tells me that nothing on this fs is in use. Any idea?
Oh, and btw, why isn't my signature beeing displayed? Show user's signature is enabled and I have entered one :/ (10 Replies)
Anyone have any idea why I cannot umount a directory even though fuser shows no process attached to it?
fuser -cu /data/oracle/GMPSHRDM/export
/data/oracle/GMPSHRDM/export:
umount /data/oracle/GMPSHRDM/export
umount: cannot unmount /data/oracle/GMPSHRDM/export : Device busy
umount:... (2 Replies)
Hi,
I'm trying to do a sharity mount to mount a terastation network drive.
I'm getting a Device or resource busy message after my mount command. Please see output below...
# /usr/local/sharity3/bin/sharity mount smb://labbackup01/bakup_data /mnt/labbackup01
Device or resource busy.... (2 Replies)
Ciao a tutti!!!
il mio problema è questo: sto cercando di inviare dei comandi AT da PC a cellulare utilizzando il bluetooth e cygwin e vorrei visualizzare le risposte nella shell bash. Per farlo apro due terminali utilizzando le seguente istruzioni:
xterm &
Sul primo scrivo
cat /dev/ttyS2
... (0 Replies)
Ciao a tutti!!!
il mio problema è questo: sto cercando di inviare dei comandi AT da PC a cellulare utilizzando il bluetooth e cygwin e vorrei visualizzare le risposte nella shell bash. Per farlo apro due terminali utilizzando le seguente istruzioni:
xterm &
Sul primo scrivo
cat /dev/ttyS2
... (1 Reply)
hello to everybody
I have Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 installed on my Desktop and I have a PCI serial card in my computer and it has only one serial port.
Actually I want to use this serial port for the serial communication and for that I executed this command :
$ setserial -g /dev/ttyS
and I... (0 Replies)
Hi Everyone,
I am trying to remove a directory:
$ rm -rf directory_name/
rm: cannot remove `directory_name/filename': Device or resource busy
What does this mean, and why can't I remove these files? I already tried moving into the directory, and removing the files individually, but I... (7 Replies)
Is there a trick to mounting swap in n a lvm? I can't get it to work.
# swapon -va
swapon on /dev/mapper/VG-lv_swap
swapon: /dev/mapper/VG-lv_swap: found swap signature: version 1, page-size 4, same byte order
swapon: /dev/mapper/VG-lv_swap: pagesize=4096, swapsize=4294967296,... (1 Reply)
Hi there
After making a backup copy of it sometimes happens that when I want to unmount an NFS indicates the error:umount: /path_mount busy: Device busy (Error 16)
if I run lsoff, I can not find the process that is blocking the application.
I'm using OpenServer 5.0.2c as one NFS server ... (14 Replies)
Hi,
Unable to make tape backup, please help.
/opt/ignite/bin/make_tape_recovery -a /dev/rmt/?mn -I -v -m tar -x inc_entire=vg00
* Creating local directories for configuration files and archive.
======= 04/25/16 16:28:08 IST Started /opt/ignite/bin/make_tape_recovery.
(Mon... (4 Replies)
Discussion started by: anuragr
4 Replies
LEARN ABOUT PHP
round
ROUND(3) 1 ROUND(3)round - Rounds a floatSYNOPSIS
float round (float $val, [int $precision], [int $mode = PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP])
DESCRIPTION
Returns the rounded value of $val to specified $precision (number of digits after the decimal point). $precision can also be negative or
zero (default).
Note
PHP doesn't handle strings like "12,300.2" correctly by default. See converting from strings.
PARAMETERS
o $val
- The value to round
o $precision
- The optional number of decimal digits to round to.
o $mode
- Use one of the following constants to specify the mode in which rounding occurs.
+--------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Constant | |
| | |
| | Description |
| | |
+--------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| | |
| PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP | |
| | |
| | Round $val up to $precision decimal places away |
| | from zero, when it is half way there. Making 1.5 |
| | into 2 and -1.5 into -2. |
| | |
| | |
|PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN | |
| | |
| | Round $val down to $precision decimal places |
| | towards zero, when it is half way there. Making |
| | 1.5 into 1 and -1.5 into -1. |
| | |
| | |
|PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN | |
| | |
| | Round $val to $precision decimal places towards |
| | the next even value. |
| | |
| | |
|PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD | |
| | |
| | Round $val to $precision decimal places towards |
| | the next odd value. |
| | |
+--------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
RETURN VALUES
The rounded value
EXAMPLES
Example #1
round(3) examples
<?php
echo round(3.4); // 3
echo round(3.5); // 4
echo round(3.6); // 4
echo round(3.6, 0); // 4
echo round(1.95583, 2); // 1.96
echo round(1241757, -3); // 1242000
echo round(5.045, 2); // 5.05
echo round(5.055, 2); // 5.06
?>
Example #2
$mode examples
<?php
echo round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // 10
echo round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // 9
echo round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // 10
echo round(9.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // 9
echo round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // 9
echo round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // 8
echo round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // 8
echo round(8.5, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // 9
?>
Example #3
$mode with precision examples
<?php
/* Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP with 1 decimal digit precision */
echo round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // 1.6
echo round( 1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // 1.5
echo round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // -1.6
echo round(-1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP); // -1.5
/* Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN with 1 decimal digit precision */
echo round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // 1.5
echo round( 1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // 1.5
echo round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // -1.5
echo round(-1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN); // -1.5
/* Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN with 1 decimal digit precision */
echo round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // 1.6
echo round( 1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // 1.5
echo round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // -1.6
echo round(-1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_EVEN); // -1.5
/* Using PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD with 1 decimal digit precision */
echo round( 1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // 1.5
echo round( 1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // 1.5
echo round(-1.55, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // -1.5
echo round(-1.54, 1, PHP_ROUND_HALF_ODD); // -1.5
?>
CHANGELOG
+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
|Version | |
| | |
| | Description |
| | |
+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 5.3.0 | |
| | |
| | The $mode parameter was introduced. |
| | |
| 5.2.7 | |
| | |
| | The inner workings of round(3) was changed to |
| | conform to the C99 standard. |
| | |
+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
SEE ALSO ceil(3), floor(3), number_format(3).
PHP Documentation Group ROUND(3)