swapinfo(1M)															      swapinfo(1M)

NAME

       swapinfo - system paging space information

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

       prints information about device and file system paging space.  also prints information about primary paging device for next boot.

       (Note:	the  term `swap' refers to an obsolete implementation of virtual memory; HP-UX actually implements virtual memory by way of paging
       rather than swapping.  This command and others retain names derived from `swap' for historical reasons.)

       By default, prints to standard output a two line header as shown here, followed by one line per paging area:

       The fields are:

       One of:

		   Paging space residing on a mass storage device,
			      either taking up the entire device or, if the device contains a file system, taking up the space between the end	of
			      the  file  system  and  the end of the device.  This space is exclusively reserved for paging, and even if it is not
			      being used for paging, it cannot be used for any other purpose.  Device paging areas typically provide  the  fastest
			      paging.

		   Dynamic paging space available from a file system.
			      When  this  space is needed, the system creates files in the file system and uses them as paging space.  File system
			      paging is typically slower than device paging, but allows the space to be used for other things  (user  files)  when
			      not needed for paging.

		   File system paging space (see
			      above) on a file system residing on a local disk.

		   File system paging space (see
			      above)  on a file system residing on another machine.  This file system would have been mounted on the local machine
			      via NFS.

		   Paging space on reserve.
			      This is the amount of paging space that could be needed by processes that are currently running, but  that  has  not
			      yet been allocated from one of the above paging areas.  See "Paging Allocation" below.

		   Memory paging area (also known as pseudo-swap).
			      This  is	the amount of system memory that can be used to hold pages in the event that all of the above paging areas
			      are used up.  See "Paging Allocation" below.  This line appears only if memory paging is enabled.

       The total available space from the paging area,
		   in blocks of 1024 bytes (rounded to nearest whole block if necessary), including any paging space already in use.

		   For file system paging areas the value is not necessarily constant.	It is the current space allocated for paging (even if  not
		   currently used), plus the free blocks available on the file system to ordinary users, minus RESERVE (but never less than zero).
		   AVAIL is never more than LIMIT if LIMIT is non-zero.  Since paging space is allocated in large chunks, AVAIL is rounded down to
		   the nearest full allocation chunk.

		   For	the memory paging area this value is also not necessarily constant, because it reflects allocation of memory by the kernel
		   as well as by processes that might need to be paged.

       The current number of 1-Kbyte blocks used for paging in the paging area.
		   For the memory paging area, this count also includes memory used for other purposes and thus unavailable for paging.

       The amount of space that can be used for future paging.	Usually this
		   is the difference between Kb AVAIL and Kb USED.  There could be a difference if some portion of a device paging area  is  unus-
		   able, perhaps because the size of the paging area is not a multiple of the allocation chunk size, or because the tunable param-
		   eter is not set high enough.

       The percentage of capacity in use, based on
		   Kb USED divided by Kb AVAIL; 100% if Kb AVAIL is zero.

       For device paging areas,
		   START is the block address on the mass storage device of the start of the paging area.  The value is  normally  0  for  devices
		   dedicated to paging, or the end of the file system for devices containing both a file system and paging space.

		   For file system paging areas, LIMIT is the maximum number of 1-Kbyte blocks that will be used for paging, the same as the limit
		   value given to A file system LIMIT value of means there is no fixed limit; all space is available except that used  for  files,
		   less the blocks represented by (see tunefs(1M)) plus RESERVE.

       For device paging areas, this value is always ``--''.
		   For	file  system  paging areas, this value is the number of 1-Kbyte blocks reserved for file system use by ordinary users, the
		   same as the reserve value given to

       The same as the
		   priority value given to This value indicates the order in which space is taken from the devices and file systems used for  pag-
		   ing.   Space  is  taken  from areas with lower priority values first.  priority can have a value between 0 and 10.  See "Paging
		   Allocation" below.

       For device paging areas,
		   the block special file name whose major and minor numbers match the device's ID.  The command searches the tree to find  device
		   names.  If no matching block special file is found, prints the device ID (major and minor values), for example,

		   For file system swap areas, NAME is the name of a directory on the file system in which the paging files are stored.

       When  used  with  -s  option, also prints to standard output a three line header as shown here, followed by one line for the primary paging
       area configured for next boot:

       The fields are:

       swapon(1M)  can configure primary paging area for next boot on a storage device only.

		   The paging space configured for next boot resides on a mass
			      storage device, either taking up the entire device or, if the device contains a file system,  taking  up	the  space
			      between the end of the file system and the end of the device.

       For device paging areas, START is the block address on the
		   mass  storage  device  of the start of the paging area.  The value is normally 0 for devices dedicated to paging, or the end of
		   the file system for devices containing both a file system and paging space.	This is same as the value given to swapon(1M) when
		   configuring primary paging area for next boot.

       LENGTH is the maximum number of blocks that will be used
		   for paging.	This is same as the value given to swapon(1M) when configuring primary paging area for next boot.

       The block special file name whose major and minor numbers
		   match the device's ID.  The command searches the tree to find device names.	If no matching block special file is found, prints
		   the device ID (major and minor values), for example,

   Paging Allocation
       Paging areas are enabled at boot time (for device paging areas configured into the kernel)  or  by  the	command  (see  swapon(1M)),  often
       invoked	by during system initialization based on the contents of When a paging area is enabled, some portion of that area is allocated for
       paging space.  For device paging areas, the entire device is allocated, less any leftover fraction of an allocation chunk.  (The size of an
       allocation  chunk  is controlled by the tunable parameter and is typically 2 MB.)  For file system paging areas, the minimum value given to
       (rounded up to the nearest allocation chunk) is allocated.

       When a process is created, or requests additional space, space is reserved for it by increasing the space shown on the  line  above.   When
       paging  activity  actually  occurs,  space  is used in one of the paging areas (the one with the lowest priority number that has free space
       available, already allocated), and that space will be shown as used in that area.

       The sum of the space used in all of the paging areas, plus the amount of space reserved, can never exceed the total amount allocated in all
       of the paging areas.  If a request for more memory occurs which would cause this to happen, the system tries several options:

       1.   The system tries to increase the total space available by allocating more space in file system paging areas.

       2.   If	all  file  system  paging areas are completely allocated and the request is still not satisfied, the system will try to use memory
	    paging as described on the line above.  (Memory paging is controlled by the tunable parameter which  defaults  to  1  (on).   If  this
	    parameter is turned off, the line will not appear.)

       3.   If memory paging also cannot satisfy the request, because it is full or turned off, the request is denied.

       Several implications of this procedure are noteworthy for understanding the output of

       o      Paging  space  will  not be allocated in a file system paging area (except for the minimum specified when the area is first enabled)
	      until all device paging space has been reserved, even if the file system paging area has a lower priority value.

       o      When paging space is allocated to a file system paging area, that space becomes unavailable for user files, even if there is no pag-
	      ing activity to it.

       o      Requests	for  more paging space will fail when they cannot be satisfied by reserving device, file system, or memory paging, even if
	      some of the reserved paging space is not yet in use.  Thus it is possible for requests for more paging space to be denied when some,
	      or even all, of the paging areas show zero usage -- space in those areas is completely reserved.

       o      System  available memory is shared between the paging subsystem and kernel memory allocators.  Thus, the system may show memory pag-
	      ing usage before all available disk paging space is completely reserved or fully allocated.

   Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
       The command displays swap logical volume if the system was installed with LVM.  To modify swap logical volume, refer to	the  LVM  commands
       and manpages for and For example, to remove a swap logical volume, run the following LVM command:

   Options
       recognizes the following options:

	      In addition to printing information about device and file system
		     paging  space that are currently in use, will also print information about primary paging area configured for next boot using
		     swapon(1M).

		     If the primary paging area for next boot has not been configured using swapon(1M), will not be able to display  any  informa-
		     tion. In this case will display the error message - "Primary swap for next boot was not set using swapctl()"

	      Display the
		     AVAIL,  USED,  FREE,  START,  LIMIT,  and RESERVE values in Mbytes instead of Kbytes, rounding off to the nearest whole Mbyte
		     (multiples of The output header format changes from to accordingly.

	      Add a totals line with a
		     TYPE of This line totals only the paging information displayed above it, not all paging areas; this line might be	misleading
		     if a subset of is specified.

	      Show all device paging areas,
		     including those configured into the kernel but currently disabled.  (These are normally omitted.)	The word appears after the
		     NAME, and the Kb AVAIL, Kb USED, and Kb FREE values are 0.  The option is ignored unless the option is present or is true	by
		     default.

	      Print information about device paging areas only.
		     This modifies the output header appropriately.

	      Print information about file system paging areas only.
		     This modifies the output header appropriately.

	      Categorize file system paging area information into
		     areas and areas, instead of calling them both areas.

	      Print information about reserved paging space only.

	      Print information about memory paging space only.

		     The and options can be combined.  The default is

	      Quiet mode.
		     Print  only  a  total  "Kb  AVAIL" value (with the option, Mb AVAIL); that is, the total paging space available on the system
		     (device, file system, reserve, or memory paging space only if or is specified), for possible use  by  programs  that  want  a
		     quick total.  If is specified, the and options are ignored.

	      Print a warning about each device paging area that contains wasted space;
		     that  is,	any device paging area whose allocated size is less than its total size.  This option is effective only if is also
		     specified or true by default.

RETURN VALUE

       returns 0 if it completes successfully (including if any warnings are issued), or 1 if it reports any errors.

DIAGNOSTICS

       prints messages to standard error if it has any problems.

EXAMPLES

       List all file system paging areas with a totals line:

WARNINGS

       needs kernel access for some information.  If the user does not have appropriate privileges for kernel access, will  print  a  warning  and
       assume that the defaults for that information have not been changed.

       Users  of must not rely on the exact field widths and spacing of its output, as these will vary depending on the system, the release of HP-
       UX, and the data to be displayed.

       The information in this manual page about paging allocation and other implementation details may change without warning; users  should  not
       rely on the accuracy of this information.

AUTHOR

       was developed by HP.

SEE ALSO

       lvlnboot(1M), lvrmboot(1M), swapon(1M), swapon(2), swapctl(2), fstab(4).

																      swapinfo(1M)