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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Starting a process whose ppid should be 1 Post 302345429 by methyl on Wednesday 19th of August 2009 08:29:17 AM
Old 08-19-2009
Parent Process ID number one.

Processes with PPID=1 can come from many sources:

Processes started by "init" and listed in "inittab" for that runstate.
Processes started by "cron".
Processes started during system boot by "rc".

This is not an exhaustive list.

For example: Killing the normal parent of a process tree can sometimes leave sub-processes with PPID=1 .

To see processes in order of PPID:

Code:
ps -ef | sort -n +2 | more

 

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getpid(2)							System Calls Manual							 getpid(2)

NAME
getpid(), getpgid(), getpgrp(), getpgrp2(), getppid() - get process, process group and parent process ID. SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
These functions return process, process group and parent process IDs, as follows: Process group ID of the specified process. If pid is zero, the call applies to the calling process. Same result as Process group ID of the calling process. Process group ID of the specified process. If pid is zero, the call applies to the calling process. Same result as Process ID of the calling process. Parent process ID of the calling process. If the parent process is the initialization process (known as the call returns 1. Security Restrictions The system call is subject to compartmental restrictions. See compartments(5) for more information about compartmentalization on systems that support that feature. Compartmental restrictions can be overridden if the process possesses the privilege (PRIV_COMMALLOWED). Processes owned by the superuser may not have this privilege. Processes owned by any user may have this privilege, depending on system configuration. See privileges(5) for more information about privileged access on systems that support fine-grained privileges. RETURN VALUE
The functions return the following values: Successful completion. n is a nonnegative process ID, as described above. Failure: and only. is set to indicate the error. ERRORS
If or fails, is set to one of the following values: [EPERM] The current process and pid are not in the same session (see setsid(2)). [ESRCH] No process can be found corresponding to that specified by pid. AUTHOR
and were developed by HP, AT&T, and the University of California, Berkeley. SEE ALSO
exec(2), fork(2), setpgid(2), setsid(2), signal(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
getpid(2)
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