OD(1)							    BSD General Commands Manual 						     OD(1)

NAME

     od -- octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump

SYNOPSIS

     od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length] [-t type_string] [[+]offset[.][Bb]] file ...

DESCRIPTION

     The options are as follows:

     -A base	 Specify the input address base.  base may be one of 'd', 'o', 'x' or 'n', which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal addresses or
		 no address, respectively.

     -a 	 One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, space-filled,
		 characters of input data per line.  Control characters are printed as their names instead of as C-style escapes.

     -B 	 Same as -o.

     -b 	 One-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, zero-filled, bytes
		 of input data, in octal, per line.  This is the default output style if no other is selected.

     -c 	 One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, space-filled,
		 characters of input data per line.  Control characters are printed at C-style escapes, or as three octal digits, if no C escape
		 exists for the character.

     -d 	 Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, five column, zero-filled, two-
		 byte units of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line.

     -e 	 Eight-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by two space-separated, twenty-one column, space
		 filled, eight byte units of input data, in floating point, per line.

     -F 	 Same as -e.

     -f 	 Four-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, 14 column, space filled,
		 four byte units of input data, in floating point, per line.

     -H 	 Four-byte hex display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eight column, zero filled, four byte
		 units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -h 	 Two-byte hex display.	Display the input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, four column, zero filled, two byte
		 units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -I 	 Four-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column, space filled,
		 four byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -i 	 Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, six column, space filled, two-
		 byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -j offset	 Skip offset bytes from the beginning of the input.  By default, offset is interpreted as a decimal number.  With a leading 0x or
		 0X, offset is interpreted as a hexadecimal number, otherwise, with a leading 0, offset is interpreted as an octal number.
		 Appending the character b, k, or m to offset causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512, 1024, or 1048576, respectively.

     -L 	 Same as -I.

     -l 	 Same as -I.

     -N length	 Interpret only length bytes of input.

     -O 	 Four-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column, zero-filled, four-
		 byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -o 	 Two-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, six column, zero-filled, two-byte
		 units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -t type_string
		 Specify one or more output types.  The type_string option-argument must be a string specifying the types to be used when writing
		 the input data.  The string must consist of the type specification characters:

		 a selects US-ASCII output, with control characters replaced with their names instead of as C escape sequences.  See also the _u
		 conversion provided by hexdump(1).

		 c selects a standard character based conversion.  See also the _c conversion provided by hexdump(1).

		 f selects the floating point output format.  This type character can be optionally followed by the characters 4 or F to specify
		 four byte floating point output, or 8 or L to specify eight byte floating point output.  The default output format is eight byte
		 floats.  See also the e conversion provided by hexdump(1).

		 d, o, u, or x select decimal, octal, unsigned decimal, or hex output respectively.  These types can optionally be followed by C
		 to specify char-sized output, S to specify short-sized output, I to specify int-sized output, L to specify long-sized output, 1
		 to specify one-byte output, 2 to specify two-byte output, 4 to specify four-byte output, or 8 to specify eight-byte output.  The
		 default output format is in four-byte quantities.  See also the d, o, u, and x conversions provided by hexdump(1).

     -v 	 The -v option causes od to display all input data.  Without the -v option, any number of groups of output lines, which would be
		 identical to the immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the input offsets), are replaced with a line comprised
		 of a single asterisk.

     -X 	 Same as -H.

     -x 	 Same as -h.

     For each input file, od sequentially copies the input to standard output, transforming the data according to the options given.  If no
     options are specified, the default display is equivalent to specifying the -o option.

     od exits 0 on success and >0 if an error occurred.

SEE ALSO

     hexdump(1), strings(1)

HISTORY

     A od command appears in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

     This man page was written in February 2001 by Andrew Brown, shortly after he augmented the deprecated od syntax to include things he felt had
     been missing for a long time.

BSD
								 February 9, 2010							       BSD