04-28-2009
awk sed cut? to rearrange random number of fields into 3 fields
I'm working on formatting some attendance data to meet a vendors requirements to upload to their system. With some help on the forums here, I have the data close. But they've since changed what they want.
The vendor wants me to submit three fields to them. Field 1 is the studentid field, field 2 is to be the building number and field 3 is a comma (and space char) delimited field holding periods.
This is what I have out of our records system now. Basically studentid, the periods, then the building number last. Each student is only listed once, so field 1 is unique in the input file 'absentees'.
250,1,2,3,45
255,2,4,6,8,10,45
1005,1,50
2099,1,2,51
I'd like to move the last field to the second position. Then enclose the remaining fields into one field with double quotes. Only if more than one period though (see third record for example of a record with only 1 period). So basically I need to get it looking like this (header row just fyi):
sid,bldg,periods
250,45,"1, 2, 3"
255,45,"2, 4, 6, 8, 10"
1005,50,1
2099,51,"1, 2"
I've used sed and cut to rearrange the order of fields when the number of fields are fixed. Not sure how to do it with a random number of fields though. Really not sure how to get the double quotes in there with comma and a space char.
I'm on hp-ux, so just awk is avail to me. (no gawk or nawk)
thanks in advance for any suggestions
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JOIN(1) BSD General Commands Manual JOIN(1)
NAME
join -- relational database operator
SYNOPSIS
join [-a file_number | -v file_number] [-e string] [-j file_number field] [-o list] [-t char] [-1 field] [-2 field] file1 file2
DESCRIPTION
The join utility performs an ``equality join'' on the specified files and writes the result to the standard output. The ``join field'' is
the field in each file by which the files are compared. The first field in each line is used by default. There is one line in the output
for each pair of lines in file1 and file2 which have identical join fields. Each output line consists of the join field, the remaining
fields from file1 and then the remaining fields from file2.
The default field separators are tab and space characters. In this case, multiple tabs and spaces count as a single field separator, and
leading tabs and spaces are ignored. The default output field separator is a single space character.
Many of the options use file and field numbers. Both file numbers and field numbers are 1 based, i.e. the first file on the command line is
file number 1 and the first field is field number 1. The following options are available:
-a file_number
In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line in file file_number. (The argument to -a must not be
preceded by a space; see the COMPATIBILITY section.)
-e string Replace empty output fields with string.
-o list The -o option specifies the fields that will be output from each file for each line with matching join fields. Each element of
list has the form 'file_number.field', where file_number is a file number and field is a field number. The elements of list must
be either comma (``,'') or whitespace separated. (The latter requires quoting to protect it from the shell, or, a simpler
approach is to use multiple -o options.)
-t char Use character char as a field delimiter for both input and output. Every occurrence of char in a line is significant.
-v file_number
Do not display the default output, but display a line for each unpairable line in file file_number. The options -v 1 and -v 2
may be specified at the same time.
-1 field Join on the field'th field of file 1.
-2 field Join on the field'th field of file 2.
When the default field delimiter characters are used, the files to be joined should be ordered in the collating sequence of sort(1), using
the -b option, on the fields on which they are to be joined, otherwise join may not report all field matches. When the field delimiter char-
acters are specified by the -t option, the collating sequence should be the same as sort(1) without the -b option.
If one of the arguments file1 or file2 is ``-'', the standard input is used.
The join utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
COMPATIBILITY
For compatibility with historic versions of join, the following options are available:
-a In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line in both file 1 and file 2. (To distinguish between
this and -a file_number, join currently requires that the latter not include any white space.)
-j1 field Join on the field'th field of file 1.
-j2 field Join on the field'th field of file 2.
-j field Join on the field'th field of both file 1 and file 2.
-o list ...
Historical implementations of join permitted multiple arguments to the -o option. These arguments were of the form ``file_num-
ber.field_number'' as described for the current -o option. This has obvious difficulties in the presence of files named ``1.2''.
These options are available only so historic shell scripts don't require modification and should not be used.
SEE ALSO
awk(1), comm(1), paste(1), sort(1), uniq(1)
STANDARDS
The join command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') compatible.
BSD
April 28, 1995 BSD