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Full Discussion: how can i find sqrt of a any number without using expr
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting how can i find sqrt of a any number without using expr Post 302307336 by otheus on Wednesday 15th of April 2009 06:15:26 AM
Old 04-15-2009
Heh, That expression is very problematic. Here's one that works. The first argument is a number, which becomes 0 if it's not provided or if it is less than 0. The second argument is the number of decimal places to output -- or 4 if not provided.
Code:
y=$1
scale=4
# Make sure input is a valid number.
test -n "$y" || y=0; test "$y" -ge 0 || y=0
# Make sure scale is some number
test -z "$2" || scale=$2
# calc square root via bc
{ echo "scale=$scale"; echo "sqrt($y)" ; } | bc

 

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LEARN ABOUT OPENSOLARIS

mlib_signalmelcepstral_f32

mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32(3MLIB)			    mediaLib Library Functions				 mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32(3MLIB)

NAME

       mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32 - perform cepstral analysis in mel frequency scale

SYNOPSIS

       cc [ flag... ] file... -lmlib [ library... ]
       #include <mlib.h>

       mlib_status mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32(mlib_f32 *cepst,
	    const mlib_f32 *signal, void *state);

DESCRIPTION

       The mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32() function performs cepstral analysis in mel frequency scale.

       The  first  two steps of mel scale cepstral analysis is the same as in general cepstral anaysis. After the logarithm of the spectrum magni-
       tude is obtained, it is converted into mel frequency scale before the inverse Fourier transform.

		    +-----------+	 +-----------+
		    |  Linear	|	 |  Inverse  |
	 ... ------>|	 to	|------->|  Fourier  |----->
	      X'(k) | Mel Scale | X''(m) | Transform | c(n)
		    +-----------+	 +-----------+

       where X'(k) is defined in linear frequency scale and X''(m) is defined in mel frequency scale.

       The mel frequency scale is defined as following.

	 freq_mel = melmul * LOG10(1 + freq_linear / meldiv)

       where freq_mel is the frequency in mel scale, freq_linear is the frequency in linear scale, melmul is the multiplying factor, muldiv is the
       dividing factor.

       Optionally,  a  bank of band pass filters in linear frequency scale can be used below the bank of band pass filters in mel frequency scale,
       as shown below in linear frequency scale.

	 0   f1  f2  f3    fp  fp+1 fp+2  fp+3	fp+q
	 |---|---|---| ... |---|----|-----| ... | ... -> freq

       where fp = melbgn, fp+q = melend, p = nlinear, q = nmel; the filters number 1 to p are defined in linear frequency scale which  have  equal
       bandwidth  in  linear  frequency  scale; the filters number p+1 to p+q are defined in mel frequency scale which have equal bandwidth in mel
       frequency scale and increasing bandwidth in linear frequency scale.

       See Digital Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, Prentice Hall, 1974.

       See Fundamentals of Speech Recognition by Lawrence Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang, Prentice Hall, 1993.

PARAMETERS

       The function takes the following arguments:

       cepst	 The cepstral coefficients.

       signal	 The input signal vector.

       state	 Pointer to the internal state structure.

RETURN VALUES

       The function returns MLIB_SUCCESS if successful. Otherwise it returns MLIB_FAILURE.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Interface Stability	     |Committed 		   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |MT-Level		     |MT-Safe			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       mlib_SignalMelCepstralInit_F32(3MLIB), mlib_SignalMelCepstralFree_F32(3MLIB), attributes(5)

SunOS 5.11							    2 Mar 2007					 mlib_SignalMelCepstral_F32(3MLIB)
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