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Shell Programming and Scripting
How can use the perl or other command line to calculate the length of the character?
Post 302279122 by patrick chia on Thursday 22nd of January 2009 02:58:25 AM
01-22-2009
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LEARN ABOUT SUNOS
audioens
audioens(7D) Devices audioens(7D) NAME
audioens - Ensoniq 1371/1373 and Creative Labs 5880 driver support DESCRIPTION
The audioens driver provides support for the Ensoniq 1371/1373 and Creative Labs 5880 audio controllers. Ensoniq 1371/1373 and Creative Labs 5880 chips are found on add-in PCI cards commonly identified as Audio PCI, CT4740, CT4810, CT5803, CT5808, and ES1371, and on some IA motherboards. PROGRAM INTERFACE
This interface is described in the mixer(7I) and audio(7I) man pages. Driver Versions Applications that open /dev/audio may use the AUDIO_GETDEV ioctl(2) to determine which audio device is being used. The audioens driver returns the string SUNW,audioens in the name field of the audio_device structure. The version field contains a letter (defined in the table below) and the config field contains the string onboard1. The driver works on Sun architectures that support PCI slots, including Sparc and IA. Different cards provide different input and output connectors and may internally hardwire these connectors. SpeakerOut implies an internal audio amplifier and LineOut implies the output is to go to an amplified speaker. The audioens driver routes output data to both SpeakerOut and LineOut. The audioens driver supports input selection from LineIn or Microphone. Platform Type: Sun4u/IA Version: a Line Out: Yes Headphone: No Int. Speaker: Yes Line In: Yes Microphone: Yes CD-ROM: No Audio Mixer Mode The configuration file /kernel/drv/audioens.conf is used to configure the audioens driver and determines whether the audio mixer is enabled or disabled. See the mixer(7I) manual page for details. You can change the audio mixer mode at any time using the sdtaudiocontrol(1) or mixerctl(1) applications. Audio Data Formats The audioens audio device supports the audio data formats shown below. When the audio mixer is disabled and the device is opened for simul- taneous play and record, the input and output data formats may differ. Some sample rates are supported when the mixer is disabled (D) that are not supported when the mixer is enabled (E), due to the overly high computational overhead for sample rate conversion. Supported data formats. Sample Rate Encoding Precision Channels Mode 5510 Hz u-Law or A-Law 8 1 or 2 D only 6620 Hz u-Law or A-Law 8 1 or 2 D only 8000 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 9600 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 11025 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 16000 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 18900 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 22050 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 27420 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 D only 32000 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 33075 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 37800 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 44100 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 48000 Hz u-law or A-law 8 1 or 2 E and D 5510 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 D only 6620 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 D only 8000 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 9600 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 11025 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 16000 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 18900 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 22050 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 27420 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 D only 32000 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 33075 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 37800 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 44100 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D 48000 Hz linear 16 1 or 2 E and D Sample Granularity Because the audioens device manipulates buffers of audio data, the reported input and output sample counts will vary at any given time from the actual sample count by no more than the size of the buffers the audioens driver is transferring. In general, programs should not rely on the absolute accuracy of the play.samples and record.samples fields of the audio_info structure. (See audio(7I)). Interrupt Rate The driver determines how often play and record interrupts take place. For playing audio, the driver determines how often and how much audio is requested from the audio mixer. The impact of interrupts on recording is minimal. However, if a very small read buffer size is set, the record interrupt rate should be increased to prevent the buffer from overflowing. You tune the play and record interrupt rates using the /kernel/drv/audioens.conf file. Audio Status Change Notification As described in the mixer(7I) and audio(7I) man pages, you can request asynchronous notification of changes in the state of an audio device. ERRORS
Errors are defined in the audio(7I) man page. FILES
/dev/audio Symbolic link to the system's primary audio device. (Not necessarily an audioens audio device). /dev/audioctl Control device for the primary audio device. /dev/sound/0 Represents the first audio device on the system. (Not necessarily an audioens audio device). /dev/sound/0ctl Audio control for /dev/sound/0. /usr/share/audio/samples Audio sample files. /kernel/drv/audioens 32-bit audioens driver /kernel/drv/audioens.conf Audioens driver configuration file ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +----------------------------+------------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +----------------------------+------------------------------+ |Architecture |PCI-based systems | +----------------------------+------------------------------+ |Availability |SUNWaudd, SUNWauda | +----------------------------+------------------------------+ SEE ALSO
mixerctl(1), sdtaudiocontrol(1), ioctl(2), attributes(5), audio(7I), mixer(7I), streamio(7I) Creative Technology Ltd ES1371 Specification Creative Technology Ltd ES1373 Specification Creative Technology Ltd CT5880 Specification http://www.sun.com/io DIAGNOSTICS
In addition to being logged, the following messages may appear on the system console. init_state() play interrupt rate settoo low The play interrupt rate specified in audioens.conf is set too low. It has been reset to the rate specified in the message. Update audioens.conf to a higher play interrupt rate. init_state() play interrupt rate set too high The play interrupt rate set in audioens.conf is set too high. It has been reset to the rate specified in the message. Update audioens.conf to a lower play interrupt rate. init_state() record interrupt rate set too low The record interrupt rate specified in audioens.conf is set too low. It has been reset to the rate specified in the message. Update audioens.conf to a higher record interrupt rate. init_state() record interrupt rate set too high The record interrupt rate specified in audioens.conf is set too high. It is being reset to the rate specified in the message. Update audioens.conf to a lower record interrupt rate. SunOS 5.10 22 May 2003 audioens(7D)