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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers How to find the ^M(control M) character in unix file? Post 302264598 by stanleypane on Thursday 4th of December 2008 09:38:47 AM
Old 12-04-2008
^M is a carriage return.

You should understand a few things first:

CR = \r = Carriage Return
LF = \n = Line Feed

In DOS, all lines end with a CR/LF combination or \r\n.
In UNIX, all lines end with a single LF or \n.

The ^M that you are seeing is actually a CR or \r. If you want to test for carraige returns in a file, you want to look for \r. Try this on the file:

Code:
od -c filename.txt

You'll see tabs, vertical tabs, carriage returns, linefeeds and whatnot using the slash notation. I find this to be the best method for determining what actual characters are in a file.

Or, if you just want to see the ^M notation, you can use cat, like so:

Code:
cat -v filename.txt

If you want to remove the ^M characters, you can use dos2unix as suggested above, or the correct tr syntax:

Code:
tr -d '\r' < infile.txt > outfile.txt

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IO::Async::Protocol::LineStream(3pm)			User Contributed Perl Documentation		      IO::Async::Protocol::LineStream(3pm)

NAME
"IO::Async::Protocol::LineStream" - stream-based protocols using lines of text SYNOPSIS
Most likely this class will be subclassed to implement a particular network protocol. package Net::Async::HelloWorld; use strict; use warnings; use base qw( IO::Async::Protocol::LineStream ); sub on_read_line { my $self = shift; my ( $line ) = @_; if( $line =~ m/^HELLO (.*)/ ) { my $name = $1; $self->invoke_event( on_hello => $name ); } } sub send_hello { my $self = shift; my ( $name ) = @_; $self->write_line( "HELLO $name" ); } This small example elides such details as error handling, which a real protocol implementation would be likely to contain. DESCRIPTION
EVENTS
The following events are invoked, either using subclass methods or CODE references in parameters: on_read_line $line Invoked when a new complete line of input is received. PARAMETERS
The following named parameters may be passed to "new" or "configure": on_read_line => CODE CODE reference for the "on_read_line" event. METHODS
$lineprotocol->write_line( $text ) Writes a line of text to the transport stream. The text will have the end-of-line marker appended to it; $text should not end with it. AUTHOR
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk> perl v5.14.2 2012-10-24 IO::Async::Protocol::LineStream(3pm)
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