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Full Discussion: How to combine case statements
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers How to combine case statements Post 302263270 by karp3158 on Monday 1st of December 2008 07:35:22 AM
Old 12-01-2008
How to combine case statements
Hi, I need to change military time to regular time. I know to use case to indicate whether a.m. or p.m. as follows:

case "$hour"
in
0? | 1[01] ) echo a.m.;;
1[2-9] ) echo p.m.;;
* ) echo p.m.;;
esac

My question is how do I add the hour and minute before the a.m. or p.m.?
I have tried and if statement but I can't cat the two together.
Thanks, in advance,
karp3158
 

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LEARN ABOUT PHP

datetime.createfromformat

DATETIME.CREATEFROMFORMAT(3)						 1					      DATETIME.CREATEFROMFORMAT(3)

DateTime::createFromFormat - Returns new DateTime object formatted according to the specified format

       Object oriented style

SYNOPSIS

       publicstatic DateTime DateTime::createFromFormat (string  $format, string  $time, [DateTimeZone	$timezone])

DESCRIPTION

       Procedural style
       DateTime date_create_from_format (string  $format, string  $time, [DateTimeZone	$timezone])

	Returns new DateTime object formatted according to the specified format.

PARAMETERS

	      o $format
		-  The format that the passed in string should be in. See the formatting options below. In most cases, the same letters as for the
		date(3) can be used.

	      The following characters are recognized in the $format parameter string

	      +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+---+
	      |    $format character	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	       Description		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	 Example parsable values	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+---+
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	  Day		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	d and j 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Day of the month, 2 digits  with  or |   |
	      | 			 | without leading zeros		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	   01 to 31 or 1 to 31		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	D and l 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |  A textual representation of a day	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Mon	through  Sun  or Sunday through |   |
	      | 			 | Saturday				|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   S		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | English ordinal suffix for  the  day |   |
	      | 			 | of  the  month,  2  characters. It's |   |
	      | 			 | ignored while processing.		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	    st, nd, rd or th.		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   z		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | The day of the year	(starting  from |   |
	      | 			 | 0)					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	      0 through 365		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	 Month		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	F and M 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | A textual representation of a month, |   |
	      | 			 | such as January or Sept		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | January  through  December  or   Jan |   |
	      | 			 | through Dec				|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	m and n 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Numeric  representation  of a month, |   |
	      | 			 | with or without leading zeros	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |    01 through 12 or 1 through 12	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	 Year		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   Y		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | A full numeric representation  of  a |   |
	      | 			 | year, 4 digits			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	  Examples: 1999 or 2003	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   y		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |  A  two  digit  representation  of a |   |
	      | 			 | year (which is assumed to be in  the |   |
	      | 			 | range 1970-2069, inclusive)		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |  Examples:  99  or 03 (which will be |   |
	      | 			 | interpreted	as   1999   and   2003, |   |
	      | 			 | respectively)			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	 Time		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	a and A 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |   Ante meridiem and Post meridiem	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		 am or pm		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	g and h 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | 12-hour  format  of	an hour with or |   |
	      | 			 | without leading zero 		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |    1 through 12 or 01 through 12	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	G and H 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | 24-hour format of an  hour  with  or |   |
	      | 			 | without leading zeros		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |    0 through 23 or 00 through 23	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   i		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	Minutes with leading zeros	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		 00 to 59		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   s		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |     Seconds, with leading zeros	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	      00 through 59		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   u		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |   Microseconds (up to six digits)	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	   Example: 45, 654321		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      |        Timezone 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      |      e, O, P and T	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Timezone  identifier,  or difference |   |
	      | 			 | to UTC in hours,  or  difference  to |   |
	      | 			 | UTC	with  colon  between  hours and |   |
	      | 			 | minutes, or timezone abbreviation	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Examples: UTC, GMT,	Atlantic/Azores |   |
	      | 			 | or +0200 or +02:00 or EST, MDT	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      |     Full Date/Time	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   U		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Seconds  since the Unix Epoch (Janu- |   |
	      | 			 | ary 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT)		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	   Example: 1292177455		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      |Whitespace and Separators |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		   ---			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	(space) 	 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	   One space or one tab 	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		 Example:		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   #		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |  One  of  the  following  separation |   |
	      | 			 | symbol: ;, :, /, ., ,, -, ( or )	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		Example: /		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      |;, :, /, ., ,, -, ( or )  |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	 The specified character.	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |		Example: -		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   ?		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |	      A random byte		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Example:  ^ (Be aware that for UTF-8 |   |
	      | 			 | characters you might need more  than |   |
	      | 			 | one	?.  In	this  case,  using * is |   |
	      | 			 | probably what you want instead)	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   *		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Random bytes until the next	separa- |   |
	      | 			 | tor or digit 			|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Example:  * in Y-*-d with the string |   |
	      | 			 | 2009-aWord-08 will match aWord	|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   !		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Resets all fields (year, month, day, |   |
	      | 			 | hour,  minute,  second, fraction and |   |
	      | 			 | timzone  information)  to  the  Unix |   |
	      | 			 | Epoch				|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Without !, all fields will be set to |   |
	      | 			 | the current date and time.		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   |		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Resets all fields (year, month, day, |   |
	      | 			 | hour,  minute,  second, fraction and |   |
	      | 			 | timzone  information)  to  the  Unix |   |
	      | 			 | Epoch  if  they have not been parsed |   |
	      | 			 | yet					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Y-m-d| will set the year, month  and |   |
	      | 			 | day	to the information found in the |   |
	      | 			 | string to parse, and sets the  hour, |   |
	      | 			 | minute and second to 0.		|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 	   +		 |					|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | If this format specifier is present, |   |
	      | 			 | trailing data in the string will not |   |
	      | 			 | cause   an	error,	but  a	warning |   |
	      | 			 | instead				|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      | 			 | Use DateTime::getLastErrors to  find |   |
	      | 			 | out	 whether   trailing   data  was |   |
	      | 			 | present.				|   |
	      | 			 |					|   |
	      +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+---+
	       Unrecognized characters in the format string will cause the parsing to fail and an error message is appended to the returned struc-
	      ture.  You  can query error messages with DateTime::getLastErrors.  If $format does not contain the character ! then portions of the
	      generated time which are not specified in $format will be set to the current system time.  If $format contains the character !, then
	      portions of the generated time not provided in $format, as well as values to the left-hand side of the !, will be set to correspond-
	      ing values from the Unix epoch.  The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

	      o $time
		- String representing the time.

	      o $timezone
		- A DateTimeZone object representing the desired time zone.  If $timezone is omitted and $time contains no timezone,  the  current
		timezone will be used.

	      Note

		      The $timezone parameter and the current timezone are ignored when the $time parameter either contains a UNIX timestamp (e.g.
		     946684800) or specifies a timezone (e.g.  2010-01-28T15:00:00+02:00).

RETURN VALUES

	Returns a new DateTime instance or FALSE on failure.

EXAMPLES

       Example #1

	      DateTime.createFromFormat(3) example

	      Object oriented style

	      <?php
	      $date = DateTime::createFromFormat('j-M-Y', '15-Feb-2009');
	      echo $date->format('Y-m-d');
	      ?>

	      Procedural style

	      <?php
	      $date = date_create_from_format('j-M-Y', '15-Feb-2009');
	      echo date_format($date, 'Y-m-d');
	      ?>

	      The above examples will output:

	      2009-02-15

       Example #2

	      Intricacies of DateTime.createFromFormat(3)

	      <?php
	      echo 'Current time: ' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "
";

	      $format = 'Y-m-d';
	      $date = DateTime::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15');
	      echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "
";

	      $format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s';
	      $date = DateTime::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15 15:16:17');
	      echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "
";

	      $format = 'Y-m-!d H:i:s';
	      $date = DateTime::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15 15:16:17');
	      echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "
";

	      $format = '!d';
	      $date = DateTime::createFromFormat($format, '15');
	      echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "
";
	      ?>

	      The above example will output something similar to:

	      Current time: 2010-04-23 10:29:35
	      Format: Y-m-d; 2009-02-15 10:29:35
	      Format: Y-m-d H:i:s; 2009-02-15 15:16:17
	      Format: Y-m-!d H:i:s; 1970-01-15 15:16:17
	      Format: !d; 1970-01-15 00:00:00

SEE ALSO 
DateTime.__construct(3), DateTime.getLastErrors(3), checkdate(3), strptime(3).
PHP Documentation Group 											      DATETIME.CREATEFROMFORMAT(3)
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