10-17-2008
succeeded cloning with dd
I found one error, which with permissions. Tar by default maps the user ids to the system where you compress and extract, respectively. On cloning over network I did not take care of this. You can tell tar explicitely by the --numeric-owner option to conserve the original mapping.
I found a
howto that described a more elegant way to clone systems using rsync (importantly with the numeric-ids option):
node2> rsync -Saq --numeric-ids --exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys --exclude=/dev
-e 'ssh -c blowfish' node1:/ /mnt/hd
where node2 is the new machine, node1, the machine from where we want to clone.
However this neither worked. ;(
I did this after booting node2 from CD, mounting file system starting /mnt/hd with subdirectories mirrowing node1 filesystem. This implied that /boot on node2 and node1 has same permissions... I don't get it.
I then tried dd with piping to and from netcat, respectively on machine to clone from and machine to clone to, as described in a
second howto from same site. It is the first time I heard of netcat (nc) which is a very cool program, a kind of pipe over the network.
On node1 you run:
dd if=/dev/hda conv=sync,noerror bs=64k | nc -l 5000
On node2 you run:
nc 192.168.1.1 5000 | dd of=/dev/hda bs=64k
where 192.168.1.1 is the ip of node1.
This took a
lot of time (it said 158GB read/written), but it worked!
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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD
rb_tree_find_node_leq
RBTREE(3) BSD Library Functions Manual RBTREE(3)
NAME
rbtree -- red-black tree
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/rbtree.h>
void
rb_tree_init(rb_tree_t *rbt, const rb_tree_ops_t *ops);
void *
rb_tree_insert_node(rb_tree_t *rbt, void *rb);
void
rb_tree_remove_node(rb_tree_t *rbt, void *rb);
void *
rb_tree_find_node(rb_tree_t *rbt, const void *key);
void *
rb_tree_find_node_geq(rb_tree_t *rbt, const void *key);
void *
rb_tree_find_node_leq(rb_tree_t *rbt, const void *key);
void *
rb_tree_iterate(rb_tree_t *rbt, void *rb, const unsigned int direction);
DESCRIPTION
rbtree provides red-black trees. A red-black tree is a binary search tree with the node color as an extra attribute. It fulfills a set of
conditions:
1. Every search path from the root to a leaf consists of the same number of black nodes.
2. Each red node (except for the root) has a black parent.
3. Each leaf node is black.
Every operation on a red-black tree is bounded as O(lg n). The maximum height of a red-black tree is 2lg (n+1).
TYPES
rb_tree_t
A red-black tree.
typedef signed int (*const rbto_compare_nodes_fn)(void *context, const void *node1, const void *node2);
The node-comparison operator. Defines an ordering on nodes. Returns a negative value if the first node node1 precedes the second
node node2. Returns a positive value if the first node node1 follows the second node node2. Returns 0 if the first node node1 and
the second node node2 are identical according to the ordering.
typedef signed int (*const rbto_compare_key_fn)(void *context, const void *node, const void *key);
The node-key comparison operator. Defines the order of nodes and keys. Returns a negative value if the node node precedes the key
key. Returns a positive value if the node node follows the key key. Returns 0 if the node node is identical to the key key accord-
ing to the ordering.
rb_tree_ops_t
Defines the operator for comparing two nodes in the same tree, the operator for comparing a node in the tree with a key, the offset
of member rb_node_t within a node, and the opaque context passed to the operators. Members of rb_tree_ops_t are
rbto_compare_nodes_fn rbto_compare_nodes;
rbto_compare_key_fn rbto_compare_key;
size_t rbto_node_offset;
void *rbto_context;
rb_node_t
A node in a red-black tree has this structure as a member.
FUNCTIONS
rb_tree_init(rbt, ops)
Initialize the red-black tree rbt. Let the comparison operators given by ops define the order of nodes in the tree for the purposes
of insertion, search, and iteration. rb_tree_init() always succeeds.
rb_tree_insert_node(rbt, rb)
Insert the node rb into the tree rbt. Return inserted node on success, already existing node on failure.
rb_tree_remove_node(rbt, rb)
Remove the node rb from the tree rbt.
rb_tree_find_node(rbt, key)
Search the tree rbt for a node exactly matching key. If no such node is in the tree, return NULL. Otherwise, return the matching
node.
rb_tree_find_node_geq(rbt, key)
Search the tree rbt for a node that exactly matches key and return it. If no such node is present, return the first node following
key or, if no such node is in the tree, return NULL.
rb_tree_find_node_leq(rbt, key)
Search the tree rbt for a node that exactly matches key and return it. If no such node is present, return the first node preceding
key or, if no such node is in the tree, return NULL.
rb_tree_iterate(rbt, rb, direction)
If direction is RB_DIR_LEFT, return the node in the tree rbt immediately preceding the node rb or, if rb is NULL, return the last
node in rbt or, if the tree is empty, return NULL.
If direction is RB_DIR_RIGHT, return the node in the tree rbt immediately following the node rb or, if rb is NULL, return the first
node in rbt or, if the tree is empty, return NULL.
CODE REFERENCES
The rbtree interface is implemented in common/lib/libc/gen/rb.c.
SEE ALSO
queue(3), tree(3)
HISTORY
The rbtree interface first appeared in NetBSD 6.0.
AUTHORS
Matt Thomas <matt@NetBSD.org> wrote rbtree.
Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu> wrote the tree(3) manual page. Portions of this page derive from that page.
BSD
August 19, 2012 BSD