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Shell Programming and Scripting
running a looping script for all files in directory
Post 302233495 by Annihilannic on Sunday 7th of September 2008 11:07:43 PM
09-08-2008
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LEARN ABOUT SUSE
mac2unix
dos2unix(1) 2010-04-03 dos2unix(1) NAME
dos2unix - DOS/MAC to UNIX and vice versa text file format converter SYNOPSIS
dos2unix [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...] unix2dos [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...] DESCRIPTION
The Dos2unix package includes utilities "dos2unix" and "unix2dos" to convert plain text files in DOS or MAC format to UNIX format and vice versa. Binary files and non-regular files, such as soft links, are automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced. Dos2unix has a few conversion modes similar to dos2unix under SunOS/Solaris. In DOS/Windows text files line endings exist out of a combination of two characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a Line Feed (LF). In Unix text files line endings exists out of a single Newline character which is equal to a DOS Line Feed (LF) character. In Mac text files, prior to Mac OS X, line endings exist out of a single Carriage Return character. Mac OS X is Unix based and has the same line endings as Unix. OPTIONS
-c, --convmode CONVMODE Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: ascii, 7bit, iso, mac with ascii being the default. -f, --force Force conversion of all files. Also binary files. -h, --help Display online help. -k, --keepdate Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file. -L, --license Display software license. -l, --newline Add additional newline. dos2unix: Only DOS line endings are changed to two Unix line endings. In Mac mode only Mac line endings are changed to two Unix line endings. unix2dos: Only Unix line endings are changed to two DOS line endings. In Mac mode Unix line endings are changed to two Mac line endings. -n, --newfile INFILE OUTFILE ... New file mode. Convert the infile and write output to outfile. File names must be given in pairs and wildcard names should NOT be used or you WILL lose your files. -o, --oldfile FILE ... Old file mode. Convert the file and write output to it. The program default to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used. -q, --quiet Quiet mode. Suppress all warning and messages. -V, --version Display version information. CONVERSION MODES
Conversion modes ascii, 7bit, and iso are similar to those of dos2unix/unix2dos under SunOS/Solaris. ascii dos2unix: In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line endings. Unix and Mac line endings are not changed. unix2dos: In this mode Unix line endings are converted to DOS line endings. DOS and Mac line endings are not changed. Although the name of this mode is ASCII, which is a 7 bit standard, the actual mode is 8 bit. mac dos2unix: In this mode Mac line endings are converted to Unix line endings. DOS and Unix line endigs are not changed. You can also use the command "mac2unix" to run dos2unix in Mac mode. unix2dos: In this mode Unix line endings are converted to Mac line endings. DOS and Mac line endigs are not changed. You can also use the command "unix2mac" to run unix2dos in Mac mode. 7bit In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line endings or vice versa. All 8 bit non-ASCII characters (with values from 128 to 255) are converted to a space. iso In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line endings or vice versa. Characters are converted between the DOS character set (code page) CP437 and ISO character set ISO-8859-1 on Unix. CP437 characters without ISO-8859-1 equivalent, for which conversion is not possible, are converted to a dot. The same counts for ISO-8859-1 characters without CP437 counterpart. CP437 is mainly used in the USA. In Western Europe CP850 is more standard. Another option to convert text files between different encodings is to use dos2unix in combination with iconv(1). Iconv can convert between a long list of character encodings. Some examples: Convert from DOS DOSLatinUS to Unix Latin-1 iconv -f CP437 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt Convert from DOS DOSLatin1 to Unix Latin-1 iconv -f CP850 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt Convert from Windows WinLatin1 to Unix Latin-1 iconv -f CP1252 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt Convert from Windows WinLatin1 to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt Convert from Windows UTF-16 (Unicode) to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS DOSLatinUS unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP437 > out.txt Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS DOSLatin1 unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP850 > out.txt Convert from Unix Latin-1 to Windows WinLatin1 unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP1252 > out.txt Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows WinLatin1 unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1252 in.txt > out.txt Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows UTF-16 (Unicode) unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 > out.txt See also <http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html> and <http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html>. UNICODE
Unicode files can be encoded in different encodings. On Unix/Linux Unicode files are mostly encoded in UTF-8 encoding. UTF-8 is ASCII compatible. UTF-8 files can be in DOS, Unix or Mac format. It is safe to run dos2unix/unix2dos on UTF-8 encoded files. On Windows mostly UTF-16 encoding is used for Unicode files. Dos2unix/unix2dos should not be run on UTF-16 files. UTF-16 files are automatically skipped, because it are binary files. EXAMPLES
Get input from stdin and write output to stdout. dos2unix dos2unix -l -c mac Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt. dos2unix a.txt b.txt dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode. dos2unix a.txt Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode. Convert and replace b.txt in 7bit conversion mode. dos2unix a.txt -c 7bit b.txt dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c 7bit b.txt Convert a.txt from Mac to Unix format. dos2unix -c mac a.txt mac2unix a.txt Convert a.txt from Unix to Mac format. unix2dos -c mac a.txt unix2mac a.txt Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp. dos2unix -k a.txt dos2unix -k -o a.txt Convert a.txt and write to e.txt. dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as a.txt. dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt Convert and replace a.txt. Convert b.txt and write to e.txt. dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt Convert c.txt and write to e.txt. Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt. Convert d.txt and write to f.txt. dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt LOCALIZATION
LANG The primary language is selected with the environment variable LANG. The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first part is in small letters the language code. The second is optional and is the country code in capital letters, preceded with an underscore. There is also an optional third part: character encoding, preceded with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard type shells: export LANG=nl Dutch export LANG=nl_NL Dutch, The Netherlands export LANG=nl_BE Dutch, Belgium export LANG=es_ES Spanish, Spain export LANG=es_MX Spanish, Mexico export LANG=en_US.iso88591 English, USA, Latin-1 encoding export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 English, UK, UTF-8 encoding For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext manual: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Language-Codes> On Unix systems you can use to command locale(1) to get locale specific information. LANGUAGE With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority list of languages, separated by colons. Dos2unix gives preference to LANGUAGE over LANG. For instance, first Dutch and then German: "LANGUAGE=nl:de". You have to first enable localization, by setting LANG (or LC_ALL) to a value other than "C", before you can use a language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the gettext manual: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#The-LANGUAGE-variable> For Esperanto there is a special language file in x-method format. X-method can be used on systems that don't support Latin-3 or Unicode character encoding. Make LANGUAGE equal to "eo-x:eo". If you select a language which is not available you will get the standard English messages. DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR With the environment variable DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR set during compilation can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is used to find the language files. The GNU default value is "/usr/local/share/locale". Option "-V" will display the LOCALEDIR that is used. Example (windows cmd): set DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR=c:/my_prefix/share/locale AUTHORS
Benjamin Lin - <blin@socs.uts.edu.au> Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix mode) - <wuebben@kde.org> Erwin Waterlander - <waterlan@xs4all.nl> Project page: <http://www.xs4all.nl/~waterlan/dos2unix.html> SourceForge page: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/dos2unix/> Freshmeat: <http://freshmeat.net/projects/dos2unix> SEE ALSO
iconv(1) dos2unix 2010-03-23 dos2unix(1)