I18N::LangTags::List(3pm)				 Perl Programmers Reference Guide				 I18N::LangTags::List(3pm)

NAME

       I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages

SYNOPSIS

	 use I18N::LangTags::List;
	 print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
	     I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
	     I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
	     I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
	     I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
	   ), "?
";

       prints:

	 Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::name( langtag ) " that takes a language tag (see I18N::LangTags) and returns the
       best attempt at an English name for it, or undef if it can't make sense of the tag.

       The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.

       The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessable as %I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list that follows in this doc-
       umentation, which should be useful to you even if you don't use this module.

ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS

       Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism for denoting human languages.  The two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are
       well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms when qualified by a country code ("en-US").  Less well-known are the arbitrary-length
       non-ISO codes (like "i-mingo"), and the recently (in 2001) introduced three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.

       Remember these important facts:

       o   Language tags are not locale IDs.  A locale ID is written with a "_" instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches "m/^ww_ww/", and
	   means something different than a language tag.  A language tag denotes a language.  A locale ID denotes a language as used in a partic-
	   ular place, in combination with non-linguistic location-specific information such as what currency is used there.  Locales also often
	   denote character set information, as in "en_US.ISO8859-1".

       o   Language tags are not for computer languages.

       o   "Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective criterion for establishing when two language-forms are dialects of
	   eachother, or are separate languages.

       o   Language tags are not case-sensitive.  en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc., are all the same tag, and denote the same language.

       o   Not every language tag really refers to a single language.  Some language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text in
	   English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined language).  Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are bibliographic
	   tags that classify whole groups of languages, as with cus "Cushitic (Other)" (i.e., a language that has been classed as Cushtic, but
	   which has no more specific code) or the even less linguistically coherent sai for "South American Indian (Other)".  Though useful in
	   bibliography, SUCH TAGS ARE NOT FOR GENERAL USE.  For further guidance, email me.

       o   Language tags are not country codes.  In fact, they are often distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and ISO 3166 coun-
	   try code ".jp" for Japan.

LIST OF LANGUAGES

       The first part of each item is the language tag, between {...}.	It is followed by an English name for the language or language-group.
       Language tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.

       This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.

       {ab} : Abkhazian
	   eq Abkhaz

       {ace} : Achinese
       {ach} : Acoli
       {ada} : Adangme
       {aa} : Afar
       {afh} : Afrihili
	   (Artificial)

       {af} : Afrikaans
       [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
       {aka} : Akan
       {akk} : Akkadian
	   (Historical)

       {sq} : Albanian
       {ale} : Aleut
       [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
	   NOT Algonquin!

       [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
       {am} : Amharic
	   NOT Aramaic!

       {i-ami} : Ami
	   eq Amis.  eq 'Amis.	eq Pangca.

       [{apa} : Apache languages]
       {ar} : Arabic
	   Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.  Notable forms: {ar-ae} UAE Arabic; {ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic; {ar-dz} Algerian
	   Arabic; {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic; {ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic; {ar-jo} Jordanian Arabic; {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic; {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
	   {ar-ly} Libyan Arabic; {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic; {ar-om} Omani Arabic; {ar-qa} Qatari Arabic; {ar-sa} Sauda Arabic; {ar-sy} Syrian Ara-
	   bic; {ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic; {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.

       {arc} : Aramaic
	   NOT Amharic!  NOT Samaritan Aramaic!

       {arp} : Arapaho
       {arn} : Araucanian
       {arw} : Arawak
       {hy} : Armenian
       [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
       {as} : Assamese
       [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
	   eq Athabaskan.  eq Athapaskan.  eq Athabascan.

       [{aus} : Australian languages]
       [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
       {ava} : Avaric
       {ae} : Avestan
	   eq Zend

       {awa} : Awadhi
       {ay} : Aymara
       {az} : Azerbaijani
	   eq Azeri

       {ban} : Balinese
       [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
       {bal} : Baluchi
       {bam} : Bambara
       [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
       {bad} : Banda
       [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
       {bas} : Basa
       {ba} : Bashkir
       {eu} : Basque
       {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
       {bej} : Beja
       {be} : Belarusian
	   eq Belarussian.  eq Byelarussian.  eq Belorussian.  eq Byelorussian.  eq White Russian.  eq White Ruthenian.  NOT Ruthenian!

       {bem} : Bemba
       {bn} : Bengali
	   eq Bangla.

       [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
       {bho} : Bhojpuri
       {bh} : Bihari
       {bik} : Bikol
       {bin} : Bini
       {bi} : Bislama
	   eq Bichelamar.

       {bs} : Bosnian
       {bra} : Braj
       {br} : Breton
       {bug} : Buginese
       {bg} : Bulgarian
       {i-bnn} : Bunun
       {bua} : Buriat
       {my} : Burmese
       {cad} : Caddo
       {car} : Carib
       {ca} : Catalan
	   eq Catalan.	eq Catalonian.

       [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
       {ceb} : Cebuano
       [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
	   Notable forms: {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)

       [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
       {chg} : Chagatai
	   (Historical?)

       [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
       {ch} : Chamorro
       {ce} : Chechen
       {chr} : Cherokee
	   eq Tsalagi

       {chy} : Cheyenne
       {chb} : Chibcha
	   (Historical)  NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).

       {ny} : Chichewa
	   eq Nyanja.  eq Chinyanja.

       {zh} : Chinese
	   Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.  Notable subforms: {zh-cn} PRC Chinese; {zh-hk} Hong Kong Chinese; {zh-mo}
	   Macau Chinese; {zh-sg} Singapore Chinese; {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese; {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu]; {zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly
	   i-hakka]; {zh-min} Hokkien; {zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien; {zh-wuu} Shanghaiese; {zh-xiang} Hunanese; {zh-gan} Gan; {zh-yue} Cantonese.

       {chn} : Chinook Jargon
	   eq Chinook Wawa.

       {chp} : Chipewyan
       {cho} : Choctaw
       {cu} : Church Slavic
	   eq Old Church Slavonic.

       {chk} : Chuukese
	   eq Trukese.	eq Chuuk.  eq Truk.  eq Ruk.

       {cv} : Chuvash
       {cop} : Coptic
       {kw} : Cornish
       {co} : Corsican
	   eq Corse.

       {cre} : Cree
	   NOT Creek!

       {mus} : Creek
	   NOT Cree!

       [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
       [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
       [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
       [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
       {hr} : Croatian
	   eq Croat.

       [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
       {cs} : Czech
       {dak} : Dakota
	   eq Nakota.  eq Latoka.

       {da} : Danish
       {day} : Dayak
       {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
	   Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text (which must include English text, and might/should include text in other appropriate lan-
	   guages) that is emitted in a context where language-negotiation wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure messages, for example.

       {del} : Delaware
       {din} : Dinka
       {div} : Divehi
       {doi} : Dogri
	   NOT Dogrib!

       {dgr} : Dogrib
	   NOT Dogri!

       [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
       {dua} : Duala
       {nl} : Dutch
	   eq Netherlander.  Notable forms: {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch; {nl-be} Belgian Dutch.

       {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
	   (Historical)

       {dyu} : Dyula
       {dz} : Dzongkha
       {efi} : Efik
       {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
	   (Historical)

       {eka} : Ekajuk
       {elx} : Elamite
	   (Historical)

       {en} : English
	   Notable forms: {en-au} Australian English; {en-bz} Belize English; {en-ca} Canadian English; {en-gb} UK English; {en-ie} Irish English;
	   {en-jm} Jamaican English; {en-nz} New Zealand English; {en-ph} Philippine English; {en-tt} Trinidad English; {en-us} US English;
	   {en-za} South African English; {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.

       {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
	   (Historical)

       {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
	   eq Anglo-Saxon.  (Historical)

       {eo} : Esperanto
	   (Artificial)

       {et} : Estonian
       {ewe} : Ewe
       {ewo} : Ewondo
       {fan} : Fang
       {fat} : Fanti
       {fo} : Faroese
       {fj} : Fijian
       {fi} : Finnish
       [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
	   eq Finno-Ugric.  NOT Ugaritic!

       {fon} : Fon
       {fr} : French
	   Notable forms: {fr-fr} France French; {fr-be} Belgian French; {fr-ca} Canadian French; {fr-ch} Swiss French; {fr-lu} Luxembourg French;
	   {fr-mc} Monaco French.

       {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
	   (Historical)

       {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
	   (Historical)

       {fy} : Frisian
       {fur} : Friulian
       {ful} : Fulah
       {gaa} : Ga
       {gd} : Scots Gaelic
	   NOT Scots!

       {gl} : Gallegan
	   eq Galician

       {lug} : Ganda
       {gay} : Gayo
       {gba} : Gbaya
       {gez} : Geez
	   eq Ge'ez

       {ka} : Georgian
       {de} : German
	   Notable forms: {de-at} Austrian German; {de-be} Belgian German; {de-ch} Swiss German; {de-de} Germany German; {de-li} Liechtenstein
	   German; {de-lu} Luxembourg German.

       {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
	   (Historical)

       {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
	   (Historical)

       [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
       {gil} : Gilbertese
       {gon} : Gondi
       {gor} : Gorontalo
       {got} : Gothic
	   (Historical)

       {grb} : Grebo
       {grc} : Ancient Greek
	   (Historical)  (Until 15th century or so.)

       {el} : Modern Greek
	   (Since 15th century or so.)

       {gn} : Guarani
	   Guarani

       {gu} : Gujarati
       {gwi} : Gwich'in
	   eq Gwichin

       {hai} : Haida
       {ha} : Hausa
       {haw} : Hawaiian
	   Hawai'ian

       {he} : Hebrew
	   (Formerly "iw".)

       {hz} : Herero
       {hil} : Hiligaynon
       {him} : Himachali
       {hi} : Hindi
       {ho} : Hiri Motu
       {hit} : Hittite
	   (Historical)

       {hmn} : Hmong
       {hu} : Hungarian
       {hup} : Hupa
       {iba} : Iban
       {is} : Icelandic
       {ibo} : Igbo
       {ijo} : Ijo
       {ilo} : Iloko
       [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
       [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
       {id} : Indonesian
	   (Formerly "in".)

       {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
	   (Artificial)  NOT Interlingue!

       {ie} : Interlingue
	   (Artificial)  NOT Interlingua!

       {iu} : Inuktitut
	   A subform of "Eskimo".

       {ik} : Inupiaq
	   A subform of "Eskimo".

       [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
       {ga} : Irish
       {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
	   (Historical)

       {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
	   (Historical)

       [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
       {it} : Italian
	   Notable forms: {it-it} Italy Italian; {it-ch} Swiss Italian.

       {ja} : Japanese
	   (NOT "jp"!)

       {jw} : Javanese
       {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
       {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
       {kab} : Kabyle
       {kac} : Kachin
       {kl} : Kalaallisut
	   eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"

       {kam} : Kamba
       {kn} : Kannada
	   eq Kanarese.  NOT Canadian!

       {kau} : Kanuri
       {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
       {kar} : Karen
       {ks} : Kashmiri
       {kaw} : Kawi
       {kk} : Kazakh
       {kha} : Khasi
       {km} : Khmer
	   eq Cambodian.  eq Kampuchean.

       [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
       {kho} : Khotanese
       {ki} : Kikuyu
	   eq Gikuyu.

       {kmb} : Kimbundu
       {rw} : Kinyarwanda
       {ky} : Kirghiz
       {i-klingon} : Klingon
       {kv} : Komi
       {kon} : Kongo
       {kok} : Konkani
       {ko} : Korean
       {kos} : Kosraean
       {kpe} : Kpelle
       {kro} : Kru
       {kj} : Kuanyama
       {kum} : Kumyk
       {ku} : Kurdish
       {kru} : Kurukh
       {kut} : Kutenai
       {lad} : Ladino
	   eq Judeo-Spanish.  NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).

       {lah} : Lahnda
	   NOT Lamba!

       {lam} : Lamba
	   NOT Lahnda!

       {lo} : Lao
	   eq Laotian.

       {la} : Latin
	   (Historical)  NOT Ladin!  NOT Ladino!

       {lv} : Latvian
	   eq Lettish.

       {lb} : Letzeburgesch
	   eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger.  (Formerly i-lux.)

       {lez} : Lezghian
       {ln} : Lingala
       {lt} : Lithuanian
       {nds} : Low German
	   eq Low Saxon.  eq Low German.  eq Low Saxon.

       {loz} : Lozi
       {lub} : Luba-Katanga
       {lua} : Luba-Lulua
       {lui} : Luiseno
	   eq Luisen~o.

       {lun} : Lunda
       {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
       {lus} : Lushai
       {mk} : Macedonian
	   eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia.  NOT the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!

       {mad} : Madurese
       {mag} : Magahi
       {mai} : Maithili
       {mak} : Makasar
       {mg} : Malagasy
       {ms} : Malay
	   NOT Malayalam!

       {ml} : Malayalam
	   NOT Malay!

       {mt} : Maltese
       {mnc} : Manchu
       {mdr} : Mandar
	   NOT Mandarin!

       {man} : Mandingo
       {mni} : Manipuri
	   eq Meithei.

       [{mno} : Manobo languages]
       {gv} : Manx
       {mi} : Maori
	   NOT Mari!

       {mr} : Marathi
       {chm} : Mari
	   NOT Maori!

       {mh} : Marshall
	   eq Marshallese.

       {mwr} : Marwari
       {mas} : Masai
       [{myn} : Mayan languages]
       {men} : Mende
       {mic} : Micmac
       {min} : Minangkabau
       {i-mingo} : Mingo
	   eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca.  NOT New York Seneca!

       [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
	   Don't use this.

       {moh} : Mohawk
       {mo} : Moldavian
	   eq Moldovan.

       [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
       {lol} : Mongo
       {mn} : Mongolian
	   eq Mongol.

       {mos} : Mossi
       [{mul} : Multiple languages]
	   Not for normal use.

       [{mun} : Munda languages]
       {nah} : Nahuatl
       {na} : Nauru
       {nv} : Navajo
	   eq Navaho.  (Formerly i-navajo.)

       {nd} : North Ndebele
       {nr} : South Ndebele
       {ng} : Ndonga
       {ne} : Nepali
	   eq Nepalese.  Notable forms: {ne-np} Nepal Nepali; {ne-in} India Nepali.

       {new} : Newari
       {nia} : Nias
       [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
       [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
       {niu} : Niuean
       {non} : Old Norse
	   (Historical)

       [{nai} : North American Indian]
	   Do not use this.

       {se} : Northern Sami
	   eq Lappish.	eq Lapp.  eq (Northern) Saami.

       {no} : Norwegian
	   Note the two following forms:

       {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
	   eq Bokmaal, (A form of Norwegian.)  (Formerly no-bok.)

       {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
	   (A form of Norwegian.)  (Formerly no-nyn.)

       [{nub} : Nubian languages]
       {nym} : Nyamwezi
       {nyn} : Nyankole
       {nyo} : Nyoro
       {nzi} : Nzima
       {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
	   eq Provencal, eq Provencal

       {oji} : Ojibwa
	   eq Ojibwe.

       {or} : Oriya
       {om} : Oromo
       {osa} : Osage
       {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
       [{oto} : Otomian languages]
	   Group of languages collectively called "Otomi".

       {pal} : Pahlavi
	   eq Pahlevi

       {i-pwn} : Paiwan
	   eq Pariwan

       {pau} : Palauan
       {pi} : Pali
	   (Historical?)

       {pam} : Pampanga
       {pag} : Pangasinan
       {pa} : Panjabi
	   eq Punjabi

       {pap} : Papiamento
	   eq Papiamentu.

       [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
       {fa} : Persian
	   eq Farsi.  eq Iranian.

       {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
       [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
       {phn} : Phoenician
	   (Historical)

       {pon} : Pohnpeian
	   NOT Pompeiian!

       {pl} : Polish
       {pt} : Portuguese
	   eq Portugese.  Notable forms: {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese; {pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.

       [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
       {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
	   eq Old Provencal.  (Historical.)

       {ps} : Pushto
	   eq Pashto.  eq Pushtu.

       {qu} : Quechua
	   eq Quecha.

       {rm} : Raeto-Romance
	   eq Romansh.

       {raj} : Rajasthani
       {rap} : Rapanui
       {rar} : Rarotongan
       [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
       [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
	   NOT Romanian!  NOT Romany!  NOT Romansh!

       {ro} : Romanian
	   eq Rumanian.  NOT Romany!

       {rom} : Romany
	   eq Rom.  NOT Romanian!

       {rn} : Rundi
       {ru} : Russian
	   NOT White Russian!  NOT Rusyn!

       [{sal} : Salishan languages]
	   Large language group.

       {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
	   NOT Aramaic!

       [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
       {sm} : Samoan
       {sad} : Sandawe
       {sg} : Sango
       {sa} : Sanskrit
	   (Historical)

       {sat} : Santali
       {sc} : Sardinian
	   eq Sard.

       {sas} : Sasak
       {sco} : Scots
	   NOT Scots Gaelic!

       {sel} : Selkup
       [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
       {sr} : Serbian
	   eq Serb.  NOT Sorbian.

       {srr} : Serer
       {shn} : Shan
       {sn} : Shona
       {sid} : Sidamo
       {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
	   Always use with a subtag.  Notable forms: {sgn-gb} British Sign Language (BSL); {sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL); {sgn-ni} Nicaraguan
	   Sign Language (ISN); {sgn-us} American Sign Language (ASL).

       {bla} : Siksika
	   eq Blackfoot.  eq Pikanii.

       {sd} : Sindhi
       {si} : Sinhalese
	   eq Sinhala.

       [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
       [{sio} : Siouan languages]
       {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
	   ("Slavey" is a subform.)

       [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
       {sk} : Slovak
	   eq Slovakian.

       {sl} : Slovenian
	   eq Slovene.

       {sog} : Sogdian
       {so} : Somali
       {son} : Songhai
       {snk} : Soninke
       {wen} : Sorbian languages
	   eq Wendish.	eq Sorb.  eq Lusatian.	eq Wend.  NOT Venda!  NOT Serbian!

       {nso} : Northern Sotho
       {st} : Southern Sotho
	   eq Sutu.  eq Sesotho.

       [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
       {es} : Spanish
	   Notable forms: {es-ar} Argentine Spanish; {es-bo} Bolivian Spanish; {es-cl} Chilean Spanish; {es-co} Colombian Spanish; {es-do} Domini-
	   can Spanish; {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish; {es-es} Spain Spanish; {es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish; {es-hn} Honduran Spanish; {es-mx} Mexican
	   Spanish; {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish; {es-pe} Peruvian Spanish; {es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish; {es-py} Paraguay Spanish; {es-sv} Salvado-
	   ran Spanish; {es-us} US Spanish; {es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish; {es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.

       {suk} : Sukuma
       {sux} : Sumerian
	   (Historical)

       {su} : Sundanese
       {sus} : Susu
       {sw} : Swahili
	   eq Kiswahili

       {ss} : Swati
       {sv} : Swedish
	   Notable forms: {sv-se} Sweden Swedish; {sv-fi} Finland Swedish.

       {syr} : Syriac
       {tl} : Tagalog
       {ty} : Tahitian
       [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
	   NOT Thai!

       {tg} : Tajik
       {tmh} : Tamashek
       {ta} : Tamil
       {i-tao} : Tao
	   eq Yami.

       {tt} : Tatar
       {i-tay} : Tayal
	   eq Atayal.  eq Atayan.

       {te} : Telugu
       {ter} : Tereno
       {tet} : Tetum
       {th} : Thai
	   NOT Tai!

       {bo} : Tibetan
       {tig} : Tigre
       {ti} : Tigrinya
       {tem} : Timne
	   eq Themne.  eq Timene.

       {tiv} : Tiv
       {tli} : Tlingit
       {tpi} : Tok Pisin
       {tkl} : Tokelau
       {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
	   NOT Tsonga!

       {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
	   (Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")

	   NOT Tsonga!

       {tsi} : Tsimshian
	   eq Sm'algyax

       {ts} : Tsonga
	   NOT Tonga!

       {i-tsu} : Tsou
       {tn} : Tswana
	   Same as Setswana.

       {tum} : Tumbuka
       {tr} : Turkish
	   (Typically in Roman script)

       {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
	   (Typically in Arabic script)  (Historical)

       {tk} : Turkmen
	   eq Turkmeni.

       {tvl} : Tuvalu
       {tyv} : Tuvinian
	   eq Tuvan.  eq Tuvin.

       {tw} : Twi
       {uga} : Ugaritic
	   NOT Ugric!

       {ug} : Uighur
       {uk} : Ukrainian
       {umb} : Umbundu
       {und} : Undetermined
	   Not a tag for normal use.

       {ur} : Urdu
       {uz} : Uzbek
	   eq Oezbek

       {vai} : Vai
       {ven} : Venda
	   NOT Wendish!  NOT Wend!  NOT Avestan!

       {vi} : Vietnamese
	   eq Viet.

       {vo} : Volapuk
	   eq Volapuek.  (Artificial)

       {vot} : Votic
	   eq Votian.  eq Vod.

       [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
       {wal} : Walamo
	   eq Wolaytta.

       {war} : Waray
	   Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samaren~o), not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct Aus-
	   tralian language Waray.

       {was} : Washo
	   eq Washoe

       {cy} : Welsh
       {wo} : Wolof
       {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
	   "x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO or IANA.  Example, x-double-dutch

       {xh} : Xhosa
       {sah} : Yakut
       {yao} : Yao
	   (The Yao in Malawi?)

       {yap} : Yapese
	   eq Yap

       {yi} : Yiddish
	   Formerly "ji".  Sometimes in Roman script, sometimes in Hebrew script.

       {yo} : Yoruba
       [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
	   Several "Eskimo" languages.

       {znd} : Zande
       [{zap} : Zapotec]
	   (A group of languages.)

       {zen} : Zenaga
	   NOT Zend.

       {za} : Zhuang
       {zu} : Zulu
       {zun} : Zuni
	   eq Zun~i

SEE ALSO

       I18N::LangTags and its "See Also" section.

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

       Copyright (c) 2001,2002 Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.

       You can redistribute and/or modify this document under the same terms as Perl itself.

       This document is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of accuracy,
       authoritativeness, completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.

       Email any corrections or questions to me.

AUTHOR

       Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org

perl v5.8.0							    2002-06-01						 I18N::LangTags::List(3pm)