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Full Discussion: Adding options to a shell script
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Adding options to a shell script Post 302215004 by drl on Tuesday 15th of July 2008 09:58:17 AM
Old 07-15-2008
Hi.

Debugging shell scripts can be done with echo or set -x. The latter, when placed near the top of a script will produce lots of output, so here is a driver script that puts your echo-augmented script through its paces:
Code:
#!/bin/bash -

# @(#) s1       Demonstrate getopts.

echo
echo "(Versions displayed with local utility \"version\")"
version >/dev/null 2>&1 && version =o $(_eat $0 $1)
set -o nounset
echo

U=./user1
echo " Contents of script $U:"
cat $U

echo
echo " For plain:"
$U

echo
echo " For illegal argument:"
$U -z

echo
echo " For missing option-arguments:"
$U -i
$U -l

echo
echo " For legitimate option arguments:"
$U -ix -l y -- file1 file2

exit 0

Producing:
Code:
% ./s1

(Versions displayed with local utility "version")
Linux 2.6.11-x1
GNU bash 2.05b.0

 Contents of script ./user1:
#!/bin/bash
        lflag=
        iflag=
        while getopts 'l:i:' OPTION
        do
          case $OPTION in
          l)    lflag=1
                        lval="$OPTARG"
                        ;;
          i)    iflag=1
                        ival="$OPTARG"
                        ;;
          ?)    printf "Usage: %s: [-a] [-b value] args\n" $(basename $0) >&2
                        exit 2
                        ;;
          esac
        done
shift $(($OPTIND - 1))

echo
echo " iflag = $iflag, ival = $ival; lflag = $lflag, lval = $lval"

echo
echo " Remaining command line:"
echo $*

 For plain:

 iflag = , ival = ; lflag = , lval =

 Remaining command line:


 For illegal argument:
./user1: illegal option -- z
Usage: user1: [-a] [-b value] args

 For missing option-arguments:
./user1: option requires an argument -- i
Usage: user1: [-a] [-b value] args
./user1: option requires an argument -- l
Usage: user1: [-a] [-b value] args

 For legitimate option arguments:

 iflag = 1, ival = x; lflag = 1, lval = y

 Remaining command line:
file1 file2

The driver script lists your script, then tests it. As you can see, I've added a few echo statements. The results look OK to me, so I'd guess you called it in an unconventional way.

As an aside: using l (ell), 1 (one), and i (eye) can be confusing to the user of a script because in many typefaces they all look very similar.

Best wishes ... cheers, drl
 

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LEARN ABOUT LINUX

checkbashisms

CHECKBASHISMS(1)                                              General Commands Manual                                             CHECKBASHISMS(1)

NAME

       checkbashisms - check for bashisms in /bin/sh scripts

SYNOPSIS

       checkbashisms script ...
       checkbashisms --help|--version

DESCRIPTION

       checkbashisms, based on one of the checks from the lintian system, performs basic checks on /bin/sh shell scripts for the possible presence
       of bashisms.  It takes the names of the shell scripts on the command line, and outputs warnings if possible bashisms are detected.

       Note that the definition of a bashism in this context roughly equates to "a shell feature that is not required to be supported  by  POSIX";
       this means that some issues flagged may be permitted under optional sections of POSIX, such as XSI or User Portability.

       In  cases  where  POSIX  and  Debian  Policy  disagree, checkbashisms by default allows extensions permitted by Policy but may also provide
       options for stricter checking.

OPTIONS

       --help, -h
              Show a summary of options.

       --newline, -n
              Check for "echo -n" usage (non POSIX but required by Debian Policy 10.4.)

       --posix, -p
              Check for issues which are non POSIX but required to be supported by Debian Policy 10.4 (implies -n).

       --force, -f
              Force each script to be checked, even if it would normally not be (for instance, it has a bash or non POSIX shell shebang or appears
              to be a shell wrapper).

       --extra, -x
              Highlight lines which, whilst they do not contain bashisms, may be useful in determining whether a particular issue is a false posi-
              tive which may be ignored.  For example, the use of "$BASH_ENV" may be preceded by checking whether "$BASH" is set.

       --version, -v
              Show version and copyright information.

EXIT VALUES

       The exit value will be 0 if no possible bashisms or other problems were detected.  Otherwise it will be the sum of the following error val-
       ues:

       1      A possible bashism was detected.

       2      A file was skipped for some reason, for example, because it was unreadable or not found.  The warning message will give details.

SEE ALSO

       lintian(1).

AUTHOR

       checkbashisms  was originally written as a shell script by Yann Dirson <dirson@debian.org> and rewritten in Perl with many more features by
       Julian Gilbey <jdg@debian.org>.

DEBIAN                                                           Debian Utilities                                                 CHECKBASHISMS(1)
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