Ops(3)							User Contributed Perl Documentation						    Ops(3)

NAME

       PDL::Ops - Fundamental mathematical operators

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides the functions used by PDL to overload the basic mathematical operators ("+ - / *" etc.) and functions ("sin sqrt"
       etc.)

       It also includes the function "log10", which should be a perl function so that we can overload it!

       Matrix multiplication (the operator "x") is handled by the module PDL::Primitive.

SYNOPSIS

       none

FUNCTIONS

   plus
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       add two piddles

	  $c = plus $a, $b, 0;	   # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a + $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->plus($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "+" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       plus does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   mult
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       multiply two piddles

	  $c = mult $a, $b, 0;	   # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a * $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->mult($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "*" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       mult does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   minus
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       subtract two piddles

	  $c = minus $a, $b, 0;     # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a - $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->minus($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "-" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       minus does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   divide
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       divide two piddles

	  $c = divide $a, $b, 0;     # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a / $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->divide($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "/" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       divide does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   gt
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       the binary > (greater than) operation

	  $c = gt $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a > $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->gt($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary ">" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       gt does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   lt
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       the binary < (less than) operation

	  $c = lt $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a < $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->lt($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "<" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       lt does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   le
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       the binary <= (less equal) operation

	  $c = le $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a <= $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->le($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "<=" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       le does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   ge
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       the binary >= (greater equal) operation

	  $c = ge $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a >= $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->ge($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary ">=" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       ge does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   eq
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       binary equal to operation ("==")

	  $c = eq $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a == $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->eq($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "==" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       eq does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   ne
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       binary not equal to operation ("!=")

	  $c = ne $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a != $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->ne($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "!=" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       ne does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   shiftleft
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       leftshift "a$" by $b

	  $c = shiftleft $a, $b, 0;	# explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a << $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->shiftleft($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "<<" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       shiftleft does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   shiftright
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       leftshift "a$" by $b

	  $c = shiftright $a, $b, 0;	 # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a >> $b;	   # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->shiftright($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary ">>" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       shiftright does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   or2
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       binary or of two piddles

	  $c = or2 $a, $b, 0;	  # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a | $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->or2($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "|" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       or2 does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   and2
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       binary and of two piddles

	  $c = and2 $a, $b, 0;	   # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a & $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->and2($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "&" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       and2 does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   xor
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       binary exclusive or of two piddles

	  $c = xor $a, $b, 0;	  # explicit call with trailing 0
	  $c = $a ^ $b; 	  # overloaded call
	  $a->inplace->xor($b,0);  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "^" operator.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       xor does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   bitnot
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       unary bit negation

	  $b = ~ $a;
	  $a->inplace->bitnot;	# modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "~" operator/function.

       bitnot does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   power
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       raise piddle $a to the power "b"

	  $c = $a->power($b,0); # explicit function call
	  $c = $a ** $b;    # overloaded use
	  $a->inplace->power($b,0);	# modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "**" function.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       power does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   atan2
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       elementwise "atan2" of two piddles

	  $c = $a->atan2($b,0); # explicit function call
	  $c = atan2 $a, $b;	# overloaded use
	  $a->inplace->atan2($b,0);	# modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "atan2" function.  Note that
       when calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).  This
       restriction is expected to go away in future releases.

       atan2 does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   modulo
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       elementwise "modulo" operation

	  $c = $a->modulo($b,0); # explicit function call
	  $c = $a % $b;    # overloaded use
	  $a->inplace->modulo($b,0);	 # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "%" function.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       modulo does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   spaceship
	 Signature: (a(); b(); [o]c(); int swap)

       elementwise "<=>" operation

	  $c = $a->spaceship($b,0); # explicit function call
	  $c = $a <=> $b;    # overloaded use
	  $a->inplace->spaceship($b,0);     # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the binary "<=>" function.  Note that when
       calling this function explicitly you need to supply a third argument that should generally be zero (see first example).	This restriction
       is expected to go away in future releases.

       spaceship does handle bad values.  The state of the bad-value flag of the output piddles is unknown.

   sqrt
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       elementwise square root

	  $b = sqrt $a;
	  $a->inplace->sqrt;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "sqrt" operator/function.

       sqrt does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   abs
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       elementwise absolute value

	  $b = abs $a;
	  $a->inplace->abs;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "abs" operator/function.

       abs does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   sin
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the sin function

	  $b = sin $a;
	  $a->inplace->sin;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "sin" operator/function.

       sin does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   cos
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the cos function

	  $b = cos $a;
	  $a->inplace->cos;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "cos" operator/function.

       cos does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   not
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the elementwise not operation

	  $b = ! $a;
	  $a->inplace->not;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "!" operator/function.

       not does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   exp
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the exponential function

	  $b = exp $a;
	  $a->inplace->exp;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "exp" operator/function.

       exp does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   log
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the natural logarithm

	  $b = log $a;
	  $a->inplace->log;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "log" operator/function.

       log does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   log10
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       the base 10 logarithm

	  $b = log10 $a;
	  $a->inplace->log10;  # modify $a inplace

       It can be made to work inplace with the "$a->inplace" syntax.  This function is used to overload the unary "log10" operator/function.

       log10 does handle bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

   assgn
	 Signature: (a(); [o]b())

       Plain numerical assignment. This is used to implement the ".=" operator

       assgn does not process bad values.  It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.

AUTHOR

       Tuomas J. Lukka (lukka@fas.harvard.edu), Karl Glazebrook (kgb@aaoepp.aao.gov.au), Doug Hunt (dhunt@ucar.edu), Christian Soeller
       (c.soeller@auckland.ac.nz), Doug Burke (burke@ifa.hawaii.edu), and Craig DeForest (deforest@boulder.swri.edu).

perl v5.12.1							    2010-07-05								    Ops(3)