rawtopgm(1)						      General Commands Manual						       rawtopgm(1)

NAME

       rawtopgm - convert raw grayscale bytes into a portable graymap

SYNOPSIS

       rawtopgm [-bpp [1|2]] [-littleendian] [-maxval N] [-headerskip N] [-rowskip N] [-tb|-topbottom] [width height] [imagefile]

DESCRIPTION

       Reads  raw grayscale values as input.  Produces a PGM file as output.  The input file is just a sequence of pure binary numbers, either one
       or two bytes each, either bigendian or littleendian, representing gray values.  They may be arranged either top to bottom, left to right or
       bottom  to  top, left to right.	There may be arbitrary header information at the start of the file (to which rawtopgm pays no attention at
       all other than the header's size).

       Arguments to rawtopgm tell how to interpret the pixels (a function that is served by a header in a regular graphics format).

       The width and height parameters tell the dimensions of the image.  If you omit these parameters, rawtopgm assumes it is a  quadratic  image
       and bases the dimensions on the size of the input stream.  If this size is not a perfect square, rawtopgm fails.

       When  you  don't  specify  width  and height, rawtopgm reads the entire input stream into storage at once, which may take a lot of storage.
       Otherwise, rawtopgm ordinarily stores only one row at a time.

       If you don't specify imagefile, or specify -, the input is from Standard Input.

       The PGM output is to Standard Output.

OPTIONS

       -maxval N
	      N is the maxval for the gray values in the input, and is also the maxval of the PGM output image.  The default is the maximum  value
	      that can be represented in the number of bytes used for each sample (i.e. 255 or 65535).

       -bpp [1|2]
	      tells  the  number  of  bytes that represent each sample in the input.  If the value is 2, The most significant byte is first in the
	      stream.

	      The default is 1 byte per sample.

       -littleendian
	      says that the bytes of each input sample are ordered with the least significant byte first.  Without this option,  rawtopgm  assumes
	      MSB first.  This obviously has no effect when there is only one byte per sample.

       -headerskip N
	      rawtopgm skips over N bytes at the beginning of the stream and reads the image immediately after.  The default is 0.

	      This is useful when the input is actually some graphics format that has a descriptive header followed by an ordinary raster, and you
	      don't have a program that understands the header or you want to ignore the header.

       -rowskip N
	      If there is padding at the ends of the rows, you can skip it with this option.  Note that rowskip need not  be  an  integer.   Amaz-
	      ingly,  I  once  had  an image with 0.376 bytes of padding per row.  This turned out to be due to a file-transfer problem, but I was
	      still able to read the image.

	      Skipping a fractional byte per row means skipping one byte per multiple rows.

       -bt -bottomfirst
	      By default, rawtopgm assumes the pixels in the input go top to bottom, left to right.  If you specify -bt or -bottomfirst,  rawtopgm
	      assumes  the  pixels go bottom to top, left to right.  The Molecular Dynamics and Leica confocal format, for example, use the latter
	      arrangement.

	      If you don't specify -bt when you should or vice versa, the resulting image is upside down, which you can correct with pnmflip .

	      This option causes rawtopgm to read the entire input stream into storage at once, which may take a lot of storage.  Ordinarly,  raw-
	      topgm stores only one row at a time.

	      For  backwards  compatibility, rawtopgm also accepts -tb and -topbottom to mean exactly the same thing.  The reasons these are named
	      backwards is that the original author thought of it as specifying that the wrong results of assuming  the  data  is  top	to  bottom
	      should  be corrected by flipping the result top for bottom.  Today, we think of it as simply specifying the format of the input data
	      so that there are no wrong results.

SEE ALSO

       pgm(5), rawtoppm(1), pnmflip(1)

AUTHORS

       Copyright (C) 1989 by Jef Poskanzer.
       Modified June 1993 by Oliver Trepte, oliver@fysik4.kth.se

								 14 September 2000						       rawtopgm(1)