FMEMOPEN(3)						     Linux Programmer's Manual						       FMEMOPEN(3)

NAME

       fmemopen -  open memory as stream

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       FILE *fmemopen(void *buf, size_t size, const char *mode);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       fmemopen():
	   Since glibc 2.10:
	       _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
	   Before glibc 2.10:
	       _GNU_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION

       The  fmemopen()	function opens a stream that permits the access specified by mode.  The stream allows I/O to be performed on the string or
       memory buffer pointed to by buf.

       The mode argument specifies the semantics of I/O on the stream, and is one of the following:

       r       The stream is opened for reading.

       w       The stream is opened for writing.

       a       Append; open the stream for writing, with the initial buffer position set to the first null byte.

       r+      Open the stream for reading and writing.

       w+      Open the stream for reading and writing.  The buffer contents are truncated (i.e., '' is placed in the first byte of the buffer).

       a+      Append; open the stream for reading and writing, with the initial buffer position set to the first null byte.

       The stream maintains the notion of a current position, the location where the next I/O operation will be performed.  The  current  position
       is  implicitly  updated by I/O operations.  It can be explicitly updated using fseek(3), and determined using ftell(3).	In all modes other
       than append, the initial position is set to the start of the buffer.  In append mode, if no null byte is found within the buffer, then  the
       initial position is size+1.

       If  buf is specified as NULL, then fmemopen() allocates a buffer of size bytes.	This is useful for an application that wants to write data
       to a temporary buffer and then read it back again.  The initial position is set to the start of the buffer.  The  buffer  is  automatically
       freed  when  the stream is closed.  Note that the caller has no way to obtain a pointer to the temporary buffer allocated by this call (but
       see open_memstream(3)).

       If buf is not NULL, then it should point to a buffer of at least len bytes allocated by the caller.

       When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed (fflush(3)) or closed (fclose(3)), a null byte is written at the end of the  buf-
       fer  if	there  is space.  The caller should ensure that an extra byte is available in the buffer (and that size counts that byte) to allow
       for this.

       In a stream opened for reading, null bytes ('') in the buffer do not cause read operations to return an end-of-file indication.   A  read
       from the buffer will indicate end-of-file only when the current buffer position advances size bytes past the start of the buffer.

       Write  operations take place either at the current position (for modes other than append), or at the current size of the stream (for append
       modes).

       Attempts to write more than size bytes to the buffer result in an error.  By default, such errors will be visible (by the absence of  data)
       only when the stdio buffer is flushed.  Disabling buffering with the following call may be useful to detect errors at the time of an output
       operation:

	   setbuf(stream, NULL);

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, fmemopen() returns a FILE pointer.  Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

VERSIONS

       fmemopen() was already available in glibc 1.0.x.

ATTRIBUTES

       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       +------------+---------------+---------+
       |Interface   | Attribute     | Value   |
       +------------+---------------+---------+
       |fmemopen(), | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
       +------------+---------------+---------+

CONFORMING TO

       POSIX.1-2008.  This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001, and is not widely available on other systems.

       POSIX.1-2008 specifies that 'b' in mode shall be ignored.  However, Technical Corrigendum 1 adjusts the standard to  allow  implementation-
       specific treatment for this case, thus permitting the glibc treatment of 'b'.

NOTES

       There  is  no  file descriptor associated with the file stream returned by this function (i.e., fileno(3) will return an error if called on
       the returned stream).

       With version 2.22, binary mode (see below) was removed, many longstanding bugs in the implementation of fmemopen() were fixed,  and  a  new
       versioned symbol was created for this interface.

   Binary mode
       From  version  2.9  to  2.21, the glibc implementation of fmemopen() supported a "binary" mode, enabled by specifying the letter 'b' as the
       second character in mode.  In this mode, writes don't implicitly add a terminating null byte, and fseek(3) SEEK_END is relative to the  end
       of the buffer (i.e., the value specified by the size argument), rather than the current string length.

       An  API	bug  afflicted the implementation of binary mode: to specify binary mode, the 'b' must be the second character in mode.  Thus, for
       example, "wb+" has the desired effect, but "w+b" does not.  This is inconsistent with the treatment of mode by fopen(3).

       Binary mode was removed in glibc 2.22; a 'b' specified in mode has no effect.

BUGS

       In versions of glibc before 2.22, if size is specified as zero, fmemopen() fails with the error EINVAL.	It would  be  more  consistent	if
       this  case  successfully  created  a  stream  that then returned end-of-file on the first attempt at reading; since version 2.22, the glibc
       implementation provides that behavior.

       In versions of glibc before 2.22, specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for fmemopen() sets the initial buffer position to  the  first  null
       byte,  but  (if the current position is reset to a location other than the end of the stream) does not force subsequent writes to append at
       the end of the stream.  This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.

       In versions of glibc before 2.22, if the mode argument to fmemopen() specifies append ("a" or "a+"), and the size argument does not cover a
       null  byte in buf, then, according to POSIX.1-2008, the initial buffer position should be set to the next byte after the end of the buffer.
       However, in this case the glibc fmemopen() sets the buffer position to -1.  This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.

       In versions of glibc before 2.22, when a call to fseek(3) with a whence value of SEEK_END was performed on a stream created by  fmemopen(),
       the offset was subtracted from the end-of-stream position, instead of being added.  This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.

       The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for fmemopen() silently changed the ABI: previously, fmemopen() ignored 'b' in mode.

EXAMPLE

       The  program  below  uses fmemopen() to open an input buffer, and open_memstream(3) to open a dynamically sized output buffer.  The program
       scans its input string (taken from the program's first command-line argument) reading integers, and writes the squares of these integers to
       the output buffer.  An example of the output produced by this program is the following:

	   $ ./a.out '1 23 43'
	   size=11; ptr=1 529 1849

   Program source

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <string.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>

       #define handle_error(msg) 
	   do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
	   FILE *out, *in;
	   int v, s;
	   size_t size;
	   char *ptr;

	   if (argc != 2) {
	       fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s '<num>...'
", argv[0]);
	       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	   }

	   in = fmemopen(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]), "r");
	   if (in == NULL)
	       handle_error("fmemopen");

	   out = open_memstream(&ptr, &size);
	   if (out == NULL)
	       handle_error("open_memstream");

	   for (;;) {
	       s = fscanf(in, "%d", &v);
	       if (s <= 0)
		   break;

	       s = fprintf(out, "%d ", v * v);
	       if (s == -1)
		   handle_error("fprintf");
	   }

	   fclose(in);
	   fclose(out);

	   printf("size=%zu; ptr=%s
", size, ptr);

	   free(ptr);
	   exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO

       fopen(3), fopencookie(3), open_memstream(3)

COLOPHON

       This  page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU
								    2017-09-15							       FMEMOPEN(3)