03-03-2008
minus sign
why a minus sign is put for options in unix commands
suggestions plz
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LEARN ABOUT LINUX
hosts.equiv
HOSTS.EQUIV(5) Linux Programmer's Manual HOSTS.EQUIV(5)
NAME
/etc/hosts.equiv - list of hosts and users that are granted "trusted" r command access to your system
DESCRIPTION
The hosts.equiv file allows or denies hosts and users to use the r-commands (e.g., rlogin, rsh or rcp) without supplying a password.
The file uses the following format:
[ + | - ] [hostname] [username]
The hostname is the name of a host which is logically equivalent to the local host. Users logged into that host are allowed to access
like-named user accounts on the local host without supplying a password. The hostname may be (optionally) preceded by a plus (+) sign. If
the plus sign is used alone it allows any host to access your system. You can explicitly deny access to a host by preceding the hostname
by a minus (-) sign. Users from that host must always supply a password. For security reasons you should always use the FQDN of the host-
name and not the short hostname.
The username entry grants a specific user access to all user accounts (except root) without supplying a password. That means the user is
NOT restricted to like-named accounts. The username may be (optionally) preceded by a plus (+) sign. You can also explicitly deny access
to a specific user by preceding the username with a minus (-) sign. This says that the user is not trusted no matter what other entries
for that host exist.
Netgroups can be specified by preceding the netgroup by an @ sign.
Be extremely careful when using the plus (+) sign. A simple typographical error could result in a standalone plus sign. A standalone plus
sign is a wildcard character that means "any host"!
FILES
/etc/hosts.equiv
NOTES
Some systems will only honor the contents of this file when it has owner root and no write permission for anybody else. Some exceptionally
paranoid systems even require that there be no other hard links to the file.
Modern systems use the Pluggable Authentication Modules library (PAM). With PAM a standalone plus sign is only considered a wildcard char-
acter which means "any host" when the word promiscuous is added to the auth component line in your PAM file for the particular service
(e.g., rlogin).
SEE ALSO
rhosts(5), rlogind(8), rshd(8)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2003-08-24 HOSTS.EQUIV(5)