srec_mos_tech(5)						File Formats Manual						  srec_mos_tech(5)

NAME

       srec_mos_tech - MOS Technology file format

DESCRIPTION

       The  MOS Technology format allows binary files to be uploaded and downloaded between between a computer system (such as a PC, Macintosh, or
       workstation) and an emulator or evaluation board for microcontrollers and microprocessors.

   The Lines
       Each line consists of 5 fields.	These are the length field, address field, data field, and the checksum.  The lines always  start  with  a
       semicolon (;) character.

   The Fields
						     +--+--------+---------+------+----------+------+
						     |; | Length | Address | Data | Checksum | CRLF |
						     +--+--------+---------+------+----------+------+
       Length  The  record  length field is a 2 character (1 byte) field that specifies the number of data bytes in the record.  Typically this is
	       24 or less.

       Address This is a 2-byte address that specifies where the data in the record is to be loaded into memory, big-endian.

       Data    The data field contains the executable code, memory-loadable data or descriptive information to be transferred.

       Checksum
	       The checksum is an 2-byte field that represents the least significant two bytes of the the sum of the  values  represented  by  the
	       pairs of characters making up the record's length, address, and data fields, big-endian.

   End of File
       The final line should have a data length of zero, and the data line count in the address field.	The checksum is not the usual checksum, it
       is instead a repeat of the data line count.

   Size Multiplier
       In general, binary data will expand in sized by approximately 2.54 times when represented with this format.

EXAMPLE

       Here is an example MOS Technology format file.  It contains the data "Hello, World" to be loaded at address 0.
	      ;0C000048656C6C6F2C20576F726C640454
	      ;0000010001

COPYRIGHT

       srec_cat version 1.58
       Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Peter Miller

       The srec_cat program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.  This is free software and
       you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; for details use the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.

AUTHOR

       Peter Miller   E-Mail:	pmiller@opensource.org.au
       //*		 WWW:	http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/

KIM-1 User Manual - Appendix F - Paper Tape Format
       (The following information is reproduced from http://users.telenet.be/kim1-6502/6502/usrman.html#F just in case it vanishes from the Web.)

       The  paper  tape  LOAD and DUMP routines store and retrieve data in a specific format designed to insure error free recovery.  Each byte of
       data to be stored is converted to two half bytes.  The half bytes (whose possible values are 0 to F HEX) are translated	into  their  ASCII
       equivalents and written out onto paper tape in this form.

       Each record outputted begins with a ";" character (ASCII 3B) to mark the start of a valid record.  The next byte transmitted (18HEX) or (24
       decimal) is the number of data bytes contained in the record.  The record's starting address High (1 byte, 2 characters), starting  address
       Lo  (1  byte,  2  characters),  and data (24 bytes, 48 characters) follow.  Each record is terminated by the record's check-sum (2 bytes, 4
       characters), a carriage return (ASCII 0D), line feed (ASCII 0A), and six "NULL" characters (ASCII 00).  (NULL characters cause a blank area
       on the paper tape.)

       The last record transmitted has zero data bytes (indicated by ;00) The starting address field is replaced by a four digit Hex number repre-
       senting the total number of data records contained in the transmission, followed by the records usual check-sum digits.	An "XOFF"  charac-
       ter ends the transmission.
	      ;180000FFEEDDCCBBAA0099887766554433221122334455667788990AFC
	      ;0000010001
       During  a  "LOAD"  all  incoming  data is ignored until a ";" character is received.  The receipt of non ASCII data or a mismatch between a
       records calculated check-sum and the check-sum read from tape will cause an error condition to be recognized by KIM.  The check-sum is cal-
       culated by adding all data in the record except the ";" character.

       The paper tape format described is compatible with all other MOS Technology, Inc. software support programs.

Reference Manual						      SRecord							  srec_mos_tech(5)