passwd(1)																 passwd(1)

NAME

       passwd - change login password and password attributes

SYNOPSIS

       passwd [-r files | -r ldap | -r nis | -r nisplus]  [name]

       passwd [ -r files] [-egh] [name]

       passwd [ -r files] -s [-a]

       passwd [ -r files] -s [name]

       passwd [ -r files] [-d | -l | -u | -N]  [-f] [-n min] [-w warn] [-x max] name

       passwd  -r ldap [-egh] [name]

       passwd  -r nis [-egh] [name]

       passwd  -r nisplus [-egh] [-D domainname] [name]

       passwd  -r nisplus -s [-a]

       passwd  -r nisplus [-D domainname] -s [name]

       passwd  -r nisplus [-l | -u | -N]  [-f] [-n min] [-w warn] [-x max] [-D domainname] name

       The  passwd command changes the password or lists password attributes associated with the user's login name. Additionally, privileged users
       can use passwd to install or change passwords and attributes associated with any login name.

       When used to change a password, passwd prompts everyone for their old password, if any. It then prompts for the new  password  twice.  When
       the  old  password  is  entered,  passwd  checks  to  see if it has "aged" sufficiently. If "aging" is insufficient, passwd terminates; see
       pwconv(1M), nistbladm(1), and shadow(4) for additional information.

       When LDAP, NIS, or NIS+ is in effect on a system, passwd changes the NIS or NIS+ database. The NIS or NIS+ password can be  different  from
       the password on the local machine. If NIS or NIS+ is running, use passwd -r to change password information on the local machine.

       The  pwconv command creates and updates /etc/shadow with information from /etc/passwd. pwconv relies on a special value of 'x' in the pass-
       word field of /etc/passwd. This value of 'x' indicates that the password for the user is already in /etc/shadow and should not be modified.

       If aging is sufficient, a check is made to ensure that the new password meets construction requirements. When the new password is entered a
       second time, the two copies of the new password are compared. If the two copies are not identical, the cycle of prompting for the new pass-
       word is repeated for, at most, two more times.

       Passwords must be constructed to meet the following requirements:

	 o  Each password must have PASSLENGTH characters, where PASSLENGTH is defined in /etc/default/passwd and is set to 6. Setting	PASSLENGTH
	    to more than eight characters requires configuring policy.conf(4) with an algorithm that supports greater than eight characters.

	 o  Each password must meet the configured complexity constraints specified in /etc/default/passwd.

	 o  Each password must not be a member of the configured dictionary as specified in /etc/default/passwd.

	 o  For accounts in name services which support password history checking, if prior password history is defined, new passwords must not be
	    contained in the prior password history.

       If all requirements are met, by default, the passwd command consults /etc/nsswitch.conf to determine in which repositories to perform pass-
       word  update.  It searches the passwd and passwd_compat entries. The sources (repositories) associated with these entries are updated. How-
       ever, the password update configurations supported are limited to the following cases. Failure to comply with the  configurations  prevents
       users from logging onto the system. The password update configurations are:

	 o  passwd: files

	 o  passwd: files ldap

	 o  passwd: files nis

	 o  passwd: files nisplus

	 o  passwd: compat (==> files nis)

	 o  passwd: compat (==> files ldap)

	    passwd_compat: ldap

	 o  passwd: compat (==> files nisplus)

	    passwd_compat: nisplus

       Network administrators, who own the NIS+ password table, can change any password attributes.

       In  the	files  case,  super-users (for instance, real and effective uid equal to 0, see id(1M) and su(1M)) can change any password. Hence,
       passwd does not prompt privileged users for the old password. Privileged users are not forced to comply with password  aging  and  password
       construction  requirements.  A privileged user can create a null password by entering a carriage return in response to the prompt for a new
       password. (This differs from passwd -d because the "password" prompt is still displayed.) If NIS is in effect, superuser on the root master
       can change any password without being prompted for the old NIS passwd, and is not forced to comply with password construction requirements.

       Normally,  passwd entered with no arguments changes the password of the current user. When a user logs in and then invokes su(1M) to become
       super-user or another user, passwd changes the original user's password, not the password of the super-user or the new user.

       Any user can use the -s option to show password attributes for his or her own login name, provided they are using the -r nisplus  argument.
       Otherwise, the -s argument is restricted to the superuser.

       The format of the display is:

       name status mm/dd/yy min max warn

       or, if password aging information is not present,

       name status

       where

       name	       The login ID of the user.

       status	       The password status of name.

		       The status field can take the following values:

		       PS	This account has a password.

		       NL	This account is a no login account. See Security.

		       LK	This account is locked account. See Security.

		       NP	This account has no password and is therefore open without authentication.

       mm/dd/yy        The  date  password was last changed for name. All password aging dates are determined using Greenwich Mean Time (Universal
		       Time) and therefore can differ by as much as a day in other time zones.

       min	       The minimum number of days required between password changes for name. MINWEEKS is found in /etc/default/passwd and is  set
		       to NULL.

       max	       The maximum number of days the password is valid for name. MAXWEEKS is found in /etc/default/passwd and is set to NULL.

       warn	       The number of days relative to max before the password expires and the name are warned.

   Security
       passwd uses pam(3PAM) for password change. It calls PAM with a service name passwd and uses service module type auth for authentication and
       password for password change.

       Locking an account (-l option) does not allow its use for password based login or delayed execution (such as at(1), batch(1), or cron(1M)).
       The -N option can be used to disallow password based login, while continuing to allow delayed execution.

       The following options are supported:

       -a	       Shows  password attributes for all entries. Use only with the -s option. name must not be provided. For the nisplus reposi-
		       tory, this shows only the entries in the NIS+ password table in the local domain that the invoker is authorized to  "read".
		       For the files repository, this is restricted to the superuser.

       -D domainname   Consults  the  passwd.org_dir  table  in  domainname.  If  this option is not specified, the default domainname returned by
		       nis_local_directory(3NSL) are used. This domain name is the same as that returned by domainname(1M).

       -e	       Changes the login shell. For the files repository, this only works for the superuser. Normal users  can	change	the  ldap,
		       nis, or nisplus repositories. The choice of shell is limited by the requirements of getusershell(3C). If the user currently
		       has a shell that is not allowed by getusershell, only root can change it.

       -g	       Changes the gecos (finger) information. For the files repository, this only works  for  the  superuser.	Normal	users  can
		       change the ldap, nis, or nisplus repositories.

       -h	       Changes the home directory.

       -r	       Specifies the repository to which an operation is applied. The supported repositories are files, ldap, nis, or nisplus.

       -s name	       Shows  password	attributes  for the login name. For the nisplus repository, this works for everyone. However for the files
		       repository, this only works for the superuser. It does not work at all for the nis repository which does not support  pass-
		       word aging.

   Privileged User Options
       Only a privileged user can use the following options:

       -d	       Deletes	password  for  name and unlocks the account. The login name is not prompted for password. It is only applicable to
		       the files repository.

       -f	       Forces the user to change password at the next login by expiring the password for name.

       -l	       Locks password entry for name. See the -d or -u option for unlocking the account.

       -N	       Makes the password entry for name a value that cannot be used for login, but does not lock the account. See the	-d  option
		       for removing the value, or to set a password to allow logins.

       -n min	       Sets minimum field for name. The min field contains the minimum number of days between password changes for name. If min is
		       greater than max, the user can not change the password. Always use this option with the -x option, unless max is set to	-1
		       (aging turned off). In that case, min need not be set.

       -u	       Unlocks a locked password for entry name. See the -d option for removing the locked password, or to set a password to allow
		       logins.

       -w warn	       Sets warn field for name. The warn field contains the number of days before the password expires and the  user  is  warned.
		       This option is not valid if password aging is disabled.

       -x max	       Sets  maximum  field for name. The max field contains the number of days that the password is valid for name. The aging for
		       nameis turned off immediately if max is set to -1.

       The following operand is supported:

       name	       User login name.

       If any of the LC_* variables, that is, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_TIME, LC_COLLATE, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_MONETARY (see  environ(5)),  are  not
       set  in	the  environment, the operational behavior of passwd for each corresponding locale category is determined by the value of the LANG
       environment variable. If LC_ALL is set, its contents are used to override both the LANG and the other LC_* variables. If none of the  above
       variables is set in the environment, the "C" (U.S. style) locale determines how passwd behaves.

       LC_CTYPE        Determines  how	passwd	handles  characters. When LC_CTYPE is set to a valid value, passwd can display and handle text and
		       filenames containing valid characters for that locale. passwd can display and handle Extended Unix  Code  (EUC)	characters
		       where  any individual character can be 1, 2, or 3 bytes wide. passwd can also handle EUC characters of 1, 2, or more column
		       widths. In the "C" locale, only characters from ISO 8859-1 are valid.

       LC_MESSAGES     Determines how diagnostic and informative messages are presented. This includes the language and style of the messages, and
		       the  correct  form of affirmative and negative responses. In the "C" locale, the messages are presented in the default form
		       found in the program itself (in most cases, U.S. English).

       The passwd command exits with one of the following values:

       0	Success.

       1	Permission denied.

       2	Invalid combination of options.

       3	Unexpected failure. Password file unchanged.

       4	Unexpected failure. Password file(s) missing.

       5	Password file(s) busy. Try again later.

       6	Invalid argument to option.

       7	Aging option is disabled.

       8	No memory.

       9	System error.

       10	Account expired.

       /etc/default/passwd

	   Default values can be set for the following flags in /etc/default/passwd. For example: MAXWEEKS=26

	   DICTIONDBDIR    The directory where the generated dictionary databases reside. Defaults to /var/passwd.

			   If neither DICTIONLIST nor DICTIONDBDIR is specified, the system does not perform a dictionary check.

	   DICTIONLIST	   DICTIONLIST can contain list of comma separated dictionary files such as DICTIONLIST=file1, file2, file3. Each  dictio-
			   nary  file  contains  multiple  lines  and  each  line  consists  of  a  word  and  a  <NEWLINE>  character (similar to
			   /usr/share/lib/dict/words.) You must specify full pathnames. The words from these files are merged into a database that
			   is used to determine whether a password is based on a dictionary word.

			   If neither DICTIONLIST nor DICTIONDBDIR is specified, the system does not perform a dictionary check.

			   To prebuild the dictionary database, see mkpwdict(1M).

	   HISTORY	   Maximum  number  of	prior  password history to keep for a user. Setting the HISTORY value to zero(0), or removing the
			   flag, causes the prior password history of all users to be discarded at the next  password  change  by  any	user.  The
			   default  is not to define the HISTORY flag. The maximum value is 26. Currently, this functionality is enforced only for
			   user accounts defined in the "files" name service (local passwd(4)/shadow(4)).

	   MAXREPEATS	   Maximum number of allowable consecutive repeating characters. If MAXREPEATS is not set or is zero(0), the  default	is
			   no checks

	   MAXWEEKS	   Maximum time period that password is valid.

	   MINALPHA	   Minimum number of alpha character required. If MINALPHA is not set, the default is 2.

	   MINDIFF	   Minimum differences required between an old and a new password. If MINDIFF is not set, the default is 3.

	   MINDIGIT	   Minimum  number  of digits required. If MINDIGIT is not set or is set to zero(0), the default is no checks. You cannot
			   be specify MINDIGIT if MINNONALPHA is also specified.

	   MINLOWER	    Minimum number of lower case letters required. If not set or zero(0), the default is no checks.

	   MINNONALPHA	   Minimum number of non-alpha (including numeric and special) required. If MINNONALPHA is not set, the default is 1.  You
			   cannot specify MINNONALPHA if MINDIGIT or MINSPECIAL is also specified.

	   MINWEEKS	   Minimum time period before the password can be changed.

	   MINSPECIAL	   Minimum  number  of special (non-alpha and non-digit) characters required. If MINSPECIAL is not set or is zero(0), the
			   default is no checks. You cannot specify MINSPECIAL if you also specify MINNONALPHA.

	   MINUPPER	   Minimum number of upper case letters required. If MINUPPER is not set or is zero(0), the default is no checks.

	   NAMECHECK	   Enable/disable checking or the login name. The default is to do login name checking. A case insensitive value  of  "no"
			   disables this feature.

	   PASSLENGTH	   Minimum length of password, in characters.

	   WARNWEEKS	   Time period until warning of date of password's ensuing expiration.

	   WHITESPACE	   Determine  if  whitespace characters are allowed in passwords. Valid values are YES and NO. If WHITESPACE is not set or
			   is set to YES, whitespace characters are allowed.

       /etc/oshadow

	   Temporary file used by passwd, passmgmt and pwconv to update the real shadow file.

       /etc/passwd

	   Password file.

       /etc/shadow

	   Shadow password file.

       /etc/shells

	   Shell database.

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWcsu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |CSI			     |Enabled			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Interface Stability	     |See below.		   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

       The human readable output is Unstable. The options are Evolving.

       at(1), batch(1), finger(1), login(1), nistbladm(1), orcron(1M), domainname(1M), eeprom(1M), id(1M), mkpwdict(1M), passmgmt(1M), pwconv(1M),
       su(1M),	 useradd(1M),  userdel(1M),  usermod(1M),  crypt(3C),  getpwnam(3C),  getspnam(3C),  getusershell(3C),	nis_local_directory(3NSL),
       pam(3PAM),  loginlog(4),  nsswitch.conf(4),  pam.conf(4),  passwd(4),  policy.conf(4),  shadow(4),  shells(4),  attributes(5),  environ(5),
       pam_authtok_check(5),   pam_authtok_get(5),   pam_authtok_store(5),   pam_dhkeys(5),  pam_ldap(5),  pam_unix_account(5),  pam_unix_auth(5),
       pam_unix_session(5)

       The pam_unix(5) module is no longer supported. Similar functionality is provided by  pam_unix_account(5),  pam_unix_auth(5),  pam_unix_ses-
       sion(5), pam_authtok_check(5), pam_authtok_get(5), pam_authtok_store(5), pam_dhkeys(5), and pam_passwd_auth(5).

       The  nispasswd  and ypasswd commands are wrappers around passwd. Use of nispasswd and ypasswd is discouraged. Use passwd -r repository_name
       instead.

       NIS+ might not be supported in future releases of the Solaris Operating Environment. Tools to aid the  migration  from  NIS+  to  LDAP  are
       available in the Solaris 9 operating environment. For more information, visit http://www.sun.com/directory/nisplus/transition.html.

       Changing a password in the files repository clears the failed login count.

								    8 Mar 2005								 passwd(1)