SLICE(1)							Ralf S. Engelschall							  SLICE(1)

NAME

       Slice -- Extract pre-defined slices from an ASCII file

SYNOPSIS

       slice [-v] [-y outputpolicy] [-o sliceterm:outputfile[@chmodcmd][#outputpolicy] ..]  [inputfile]

       slice [-V] [-h]

VERSION

       1.3.8 (10-Feb-2002)

DESCRIPTION

   Input Principle
       The slice program reads inputfile (or from STDIN if inputfile is not given or equal ``"-"'') and divides its already prepared ASCII
       contents into possibly overlapping areas, called slices.   These slices are determined by enclosing blocks defined by begin and end
       delimiters which have to be already in the file. These block delimiters use the syntax

	 [NAME: ... :NAME]

       or alternatively (if there is no misinterpretation possible, i.e. no overlapping or stacked slices)

	 [NAME: ... :]

       The NAME identifier has to match against the regular expression ``"[_A-Z0-9]+"'', i.e. NAME is a string consisting only of uppercase
       letters, digits or underscore characters.

       There can be as many such slice definitions as you like and there can be more than one slice with the same name. The resulting slice is the
       union of all equal named slices. Actually use this to spread a big slice over disjunct peaces of inputfile.

   Output Selection Scheme
       The final output data gets calculated by a slice term consisting of slice names and set theory operators. The following syntax is
       recognized (in order of LR(1) grammar parsing) for slice terms:

       SLICE_TERM ::= "NAME"
	   The slice NAME itself. This name has to match against the regex ``"[_A-Z0-9*{}]+"''. Here two cases are possible: "NAME" is either a
	   plain slice name consisting only of uppercase letters, digits or an underscore character. Or it is a wildcarded slice name indicated by
	   an asterisk character.

	   The first variant just expands to the union of all slices named exactly "NAME".  The second variant expands to the union of all slices
	   which match against the wildcard pattern "NAME". Here the asterisk has the semantical meaning of none or any number of characters.
	   There is one special case, when the asterisk is immediately followed by characters enclosed within braces, it means none or any number
	   of characters, but not this sequence of characters.

       SLICE_TERM ::= "!NAME" | "~NAME"
	   The complement of slice NAME (i.e. ALLNAME).

	   In formula: {x in ALL: x not in NAME}

       SLICE_TERM ::= "NAME1xNAME2", "NAME1^NAME2"
	   The exclusive-or relation between slice NAME1 and slice NAME2. In set theory also called symmetric difference:
	   (NAME1uNAME2)(NAME1nNAME2) or alternatively (NAME1n!NAME2)u(!NAME1nNAME2).

	   In formula: {x in ALL: (x in NAME1 or x in NAME2) and not (x in NAME1 and x in NAME2)}.

       SLICE_TERM ::= "NAME1NAME2", "NAME1-NAME2"
	   The difference of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2, i.e. NAME1 minus NAME2.

	   In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 and x not in NAME2}

       SLICE_TERM ::= "NAME1nNAME2" | "NAME1%NAME2"
	   The intersection of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2.

	   In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 and x in NAME2}

       SLICE_TERM ::= "NAME1uNAME2", "NAME1+NAME2"
	   The union of slice NAME1 and slice NAME2.

	   In formula: {x in ALL: x in NAME1 or x in NAME2}

       SLICE_TERM ::= "(" SLICE_TERM ")"
	   A grouped slice term. Use this to force a different order of evaluation.  By default, all operators are left-associative, except
	   complement which is right-associative.  Operators are listed below from lowest to highest precedence:

	       -  u  x	n  !

   Advanced Selection: Slice Levels
       Because slices can be overlapping and stacked, a definition level is assigned to each slice while the input is parsed. These levels range
       from 1 to the maximum encountered (the level 0 is the whole file, i.e. "ALL").  When a slice begins, it is assigned the lowest free level,
       beginning with level 1. As long as one level is in use, it cannot be assigned again until the end delimiter of the corresponding slice is
       seen.

       An example:

	    [A:[B::B]:A][C:[D:[E::C]:D][F::E]:F]

	 3		       E-----------E
	 2	B--B	    D--------D
	 1   A--------A  C--------C	F-----F
	 0

       Here slice A is assigned level 1. Then B is assigned level 2 because level 1 is still in use by A. Then the end of B is reached, level 2 is
       freed.  Then the end of A is reached and level 1 is also free now, so C is assigned level 1 again. Now only level 1 is in use, so D is
       assigned level 2. Then E is assigned level 3. Then the end of C is seen and level 1 freed. Then the end of D is seen and level 2 is freed.
       Now F begins and because only level 3 is in use, it gets level 1 assigned. Then the end of E frees level 3 and the end of F frees level 1.
       Finally no levels are still in use. This indicates that the slicing is correct.

       If there are any used levels left at the end of this process this indicates an input error and slice responds with an error message
       displaying the still open slices.

       This complicated level mechanism is needed for granular set operations where particular slices should be included or excluded only. So, to
       make life easier, a few pseudo-slices are automatically defined:

       "DEFn"
	   The union of all user-defined slices at exactly level n (0 <= n <= oo).

       "UNDEFn"
	   The union of all non-user-defined slices at exactly level n (0 <= n <= oo).	This actually is just "!DEFn".

       "DEF"
	   The union of all user-defined slices at all levels, beginning at level 1.  This actually is the union of all "DEFn" slices.

       "UNDEF"
	   The union of all non-user-defined slices at all levels, beginning with 1. This actually is just "!DEF".

       "ALL"
	   The whole file. This actually is just "UNDEF0", because at level 0 there are no user defined slices, so all is undefined.

       NAME"@"
	   This is the slice NAME minus the union of all "DEFn" slices with min(NAME) <= n <= oo. Here min(NAME) is the lowest level plus one
	   where NAME ever occurred.  You can read this as ``NAME without all other slices at higher levels which overwrite it''. This sounds a
	   little bit crazy, but actually is the most important construct. Try to understand it or your slice terms become very complicated.

OPTIONS

       [-y outputpolicy]
	   This flag changes output policy depending on events: "u" when an undefined set is encountered, "w" for an unmatched wildcard set, "z"
	   when output is empty and "s" if it only consists of whitespace characters.  Each letter is followed by a digit telling which action is
	   bound to such events: 0 to ignore such events, 1 to display a warning message and continue, 2 to skip concerned file and continue, and
	   3 to abort with an error message.

	   This flag consists of one or more events specifications, and default is "u0w0s0z0".

       [-o sliceterm:outputfile[@chmodcmd][#outputpolicy] ..]
	   This redirects the output to a file. Usually the whole file will be send to "STDOUT" (same as "ALL:-"). You can use this option more
	   than once to output to more than one file while the corresponding sliceterm determines which output data will be included into each
	   output file.

	   The optional chmodcmd string is intended for specifying options for the chmod command, which is applied to outputfile after writing.
	   For instance use ``"a+r"'' to make sure the file is readable by a webserver of ``"u+x"'' to create a file with the execution bit set
	   (usually used for SSI files on a webserver with the "XBitHack" option available).

	   The optional outputpolicy string allows changing output policy for only this output file without changing its global meaning.  See
	   above for information on output policy.

	   Be careful here: When you use parenthesis or asterisks inside sliceterm you have to make sure it is really passed to slice this way,
	   i.e. usually you have to escape these characters from interpolation by the used shell. Do this either by adding backslashes in front of
	   these characters or just surround the complete option argument with single quotes ('').

       -v  This sets verbose mode where some processing information will be given on the console for debugging purpose.

       -V  Displays the version identification string.

       -h  Displays the usage page.

SPECIAL FEATURE

       Sometimes it can be very useful to be able to provide command line options directly within the input file, for instance to setup one or
       more -o options. For this slice recognizes lines of the form

	  %!slice OPTIONS

       in the input file and automatically adds OPTIONS to the argument line options.  These lines have to start in column 0.

       Example:

	  %!slice -oTOC:contents.txt

EXAMPLE

       Assume the following simple multi-language article file article.src, written in HTML:

	 <html>
	 <head>
	 <title>[EN:Titlepage:][DE:Titelseite:]</title>
	 </head>
	 <body>

	 <center>
	 <h1>[EN:The Title itself:][DE:Der Titel selbst:]</h1>
	 </center>

	 <blockquote>
	 [EN:...English Abstract...:]
	 [DE:...Deutsche Zusammenfassung...:]
	 </blockquote>

	 [EN:...English Text...:]
	 [DE:...Deutscher Text...:]

	 </body>
	 </html>

       The command

	 slice -o ENuUNDEF:article.html.en -o DEuUNDEF:article.html.de

       then creates the following to files:

       article.html.en:
	     <html>
	     <head>
	     <title>Titlepage</title>
	     </head>
	     <body>

	     <center>
	     <h1>The Title itself</h1>
	     </center>

	     <blockquote>
	     ...English Abstract...
	     </blockquote>

	     ...English Text...
	     </body>
	     </html>

       article.html.de:
	     <html>
	     <head>
	     <title>Titelseite</title>
	     </head>
	     <body>

	     <center>
	     <h1>Der Titel selbst</h1>
	     </center>

	     <blockquote>
	     ...Deutsche Zusammenfassung...
	     </blockquote>

	     ...Deutscher Text...
	     </body>
	     </html>

RESTRICTION

       The current implementation only handles anonymous end delimiters ``":]"'' correct in clear cases where no mis-interpretation is possible,
       i.e. when no overlapping occurs. For instance in

	  ...[A:...[B:...:A]...:]...

       the end delimiter is not correctly assign to the `B' slice. So, be careful when using anonymous end delimiters in overlapping situations.
       Pure stacking like

	  ...[A:...[B:...:]...:]...

       is allowed and handled correctly, but only when you interpret this as

	  ...[A:...[B:...:B]...:A]...

COPYRIGHT

	 Copyright (c) 1997-2002 Ralf S. Engelschall.
	 Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Denis Barbier.

SEEALSO

       Slice Home: http://www.engelschall.com/sw/slice/

AUTHORS

	 Ralf S. Engelschall
	 rse@engelschall.com
	 www.engelschall.com

	 Denis Barbier
	 barbier@engelschall.com

EN Tools							    2011-12-18								  SLICE(1)