dc(1)								   User Commands							     dc(1)

NAME

       dc - desk calculator

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/bin/dc [filename]

       /usr/xpg6/bin/dc [filename]

DESCRIPTION

       dc  is  an  arbitrary  precision  arithmetic package. Ordinarily it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an input base, output
       base, and a number of fractional digits to be maintained. The overall structure of dc is a stacking  (reverse  Polish)  calculator.  If	an
       argument is given, input is taken from that file until its end, then from the standard input.

       bc is a preprocessor for dc that provides infix notation and a C-like syntax that implements functions. bc also provides reasonable control
       structures for programs. See bc(1).

USAGE

   /usr/bin/dc, /usr/xpg6/bin/dc
       The following constructions are recognized under both /usr/bin/dc and /usr/xpg6/bin/dc:

       number	       The value of the number is pushed on the stack. A number is an  unbroken string of the digits 0-9. It may be preceded by an
		       underscore (_) to input a negative number. Numbers may  contain decimal points.

       sx	       The  top of the stack is popped and stored into a register named x, where x may be any character.  If the s is capitalized,
		       x is treated as a stack and the value is pushed on it.

       lx	       The value in register x is pushed on the stack. The register x is not altered. All registers start with zero value.  If the
		       l is capitalized, register x is treated as a stack and its top value is popped onto the main stack.

       d	       The top value on the stack is duplicated.

       p	       The top value on the stack is printed. The top value remains  unchanged.

       P	       Interprets the top of the stack as an ASCII string, removes it,	and prints it.

       f	       All values on the stack are printed.

       q	       Exits the program. If executing a string, the recursion level is popped by two.

       Q	       Exits the program.  The top value on the stack is popped and the string execution level is popped by that value.

       x	       Treats the top element of the stack as a character string and executes it as a string of dc commands.

       X	       Replaces the number on the top of the stack with its scale factor.

       [ ... ]	       Puts the bracketed ASCII string onto the top of the stack.

       <x  >x  =x      The top two elements of the stack are popped and compared. Register x is evaluated if they obey the stated relation.

       v	       Replaces  the  top  element  on	the stack by its square root.  Any  existing fractional part of the argument is taken into
		       account, but  otherwise the scale factor is ignored.

       !	       Interprets the rest of the line as a shell command.

       c	       All values on the stack are popped.

       i	       The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number radix  for further input.

       I	       Pushes the input base on the top of the stack.

       o	       The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number radix for  further output.

       O	       Pushes the output base on the top of the stack.

       k	       The top of the stack is popped, and that value is used as a  non-negative scale factor: the appropriate	number	of  places
		       are  printed on output, and maintained during multiplication, division,	and exponentiation.  The interaction of scale fac-
		       tor, input base, and  output base will be reasonable if all are changed together.

       K	       Pushes the current scale factor on the top of the stack.

       z	       The stack level is pushed onto the stack.

       Z	       Replaces the number on the top of the stack with its length.

       ?	       A line of input is taken from the input source (usually the terminal) and executed.

       Y	       Displays dc debugging information.

       ; :	       Used by	bc(1) for array operations.

   /usr/bin/dc
       The following construction is recognized under /usr/bin/dc, using the scale of whatever the result is.

       + - / * % ^     The top two values on the stack are added (+), subtracted (-), multiplied (*), divided (/), remaindered (%), or	exponenti-
		       ated  (^).  The two entries are popped off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in their place. Any fractional part
		       of an exponent is ignored.

   /usr/xpg6/bin/dc
       The following construction is recognized under /usr/xpg6/bin/dc. The results of division are forced to be a scale of 20.

       + - / * % ^     The top two values on the stack are added (+), subtracted (-), multiplied (*), divided (/), remaindered (%), or	exponenti-
		       ated  (^).  The two entries are popped off the stack. The result is pushed on the stack in their place. Any fractional part
		       of an exponent is ignored.

		       Ensures that the scale set prior to division is the scale of the result.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1: Printing the first ten values of n!

       This example prints the first ten values of n!:

       [la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy
       0sa1
       lyx

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWesu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       bc(1), attributes(5)

DIAGNOSTICS

       x is unimplemented	       x is an octal number.

       out of space		       The free list is exhausted (too many digits).

       out of stack space	       Too many pushes onto the stack (stack overflow).

       empty stack		       Too many pops from the stack (stack underflow).

       nesting depth		       Too many levels of nested execution.

       divide by 0		       Division by zero.

       sqrt of neg number	       Square root of a negative number is not defined (no imaginary numbers).

       exp not an integer	       dc only processes integer exponentiation.

       exp too big		       The largest exponent allowed is 999.

       input base is too large	       The input base x: 2<= x <= 16.

       input base is too small	       The input base x: 2<= x <= 16.

       output base is too large        The output base must be no larger than  BC_BASE_MAX.

       invalid scale factor	       Scale factor cannot be less than 1.

       scale factor is too large       A scale factor cannot be larger than  BC_SCALE_MAX.

       symbol table overflow	       Too many variables have been specified.

       invalid index		       Index cannot be less than 1.

       index is too large	       An index cannot be larger than  BC_DIM_MAX.

SunOS 5.10							    29 Aug 2003 							     dc(1)