Just my thoughts...
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So I was wondering if you could run games on a UNIX or Linux OS..?
Linux is just as capable an OS as any, if not more, for running any type of software that Windows can. That said, the fact is that the majority of users use some version of Microsoft Windows. Because of that, most video game companies don't offer Linux/UNIX versions of games - they're only written/compiled for Windows.
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And if its the right path to take using a UNIX or Linux OS when you want to learn about programming?
It depends on what you want to do. If you just want to write games/applications for Windows, then no. But just in general, then I'd say yes. Linux by default comes with several scripting languages installed, as well as C, C++ and I believe FORTRAN compilers. ( Never used FORTRAN ). I don't think Windows comes with any type of programming environment by default.
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I also do have a PASCAL book that I was given and I know its an Old Programming Language, but would it be any use learning that before I start learning C ?
If you don't already know PASCAL, then I would just skip it and try and learn C. From my own experience, I haven't seen PASCAL used anywhere ( it is very old, older than C at least ) and by the time I went to college, the "initial programming language" that we were taught as students had moved from PASCAL to C.
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I'm no Unix/Linux expert but I did learn C in school, C is supposed to be procedural programming language and it has been superceded with C++ which is object oriented.
C++ is a superset of C, meaning it can do everything C can and more, but I wouldn't say it has been replaced, if that's what you meant here. I write C programs all the time at work & at home. I have C++ compilers at both places, but it's just not necessary for the things I do.
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From a programming point of view, Java supercedes C++, I've seen a few small games written in Java as well.
I believe this is completely subjective. Software can be designed (as well as programmed) in the same manner using either language.