01-07-2007
Some Basic terms in UNIX
Hello Gurus,
I have some very beginner level questions here, which are as follows:
1) I know what is a process, but what is a thread? and how a CPU devides a process into more than one threads and on what basis? Does a programmer designs a program in this way that it devides it into more than one threads or Kernel itself decides to divide a process into more than one thread and what benefit we get by doing this?
2) What is meant by a sub-shell?
3) What kind of terminal settings we do for the users comming from a telnet connection? What is the terminal type of user connecting with telnet? I really don't have any idea about that.
4) What is rlogin? and we use rlogin in which situation? I think Windows XP doesn't have rlogin command? What if we want to connect to a UNIX machine from Windows machine?
5) What is meant by UNIX-Cluster?
I know I can find information about above topics on google but I want some discrete and exact definition of above concepts therefor I asked these questions here.
Thanks in advance for any replies.
Regards,
A UNIX student
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LEARN ABOUT OSF1
pthread_attr_setscope
pthread_attr_setscope(3) Library Functions Manual pthread_attr_setscope(3)
NAME
pthread_attr_setscope - Sets the contention scope attribute of the specified thread attributes object.
LIBRARY
DECthreads POSIX 1003.1c Library (libpthread.so)
SYNOPSIS
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_attr_setscope(
pthread_attr_t *attr,
int scope);
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows:
IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, POSIX System Application Program Interface
PARAMETERS
Address of the thread attributes object whose contention scope attribute is to be modified. New value for the contention scope attribute
of the thread attributes object specified by attr.
DESCRIPTION
This routine uses the value specified in the scope argument to set the contention scope attribute of the thread attributes object specified
in the attr argument.
When creating a thread, use a thread attributes object to specify nondefault values for thread attributes. The contention scope attribute
specifies the set of threads with which a thread must compete for processing resources. The contention scope attribute specifies whether
the new thread competes for processing resources only with other threads in its own process, called process contention scope, or with all
threads on the system, called system contention scope.
On Tru64 UNIX, DECthreads supports both process contention scope and system contention scope threads.
DECthreads selects at most one thread to execute on each processor at any point in time. DECthreads resolves the contention based on each
thread's scheduling attributes (for example, priority) and scheduling policy (for example, round-robin).
A thread created using a thread attributes object whose contention scope attribute is set to PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS contends for processing
resources with other threads within its own process that also were created with PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS. It is unspecified how such threads
are scheduled relative to threads in other processes or threads in the same process that were created with PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM contention
scope.
A thread created using a thread attributes object whose contention scope attribute is set to PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM contends for processing
resources with other threads in any process that also were created with PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM.
NOTES
The value of the contention scope attribute of a particular thread attributes object does not necessarily correspond to the actual schedul-
ing contention scope of any existing thread in your multithreaded program.
RETURN VALUES
If an error condition occurs, this routine returns an integer value indicating the type of error. Possible return values are as follows:
Successful completion. The value specified by attr is not a valid thread attributes value, or the value specified by scope is not valid.
An attempt was made to set the attribute to an unsupported value.
ERRORS
None
RELATED INFORMATION
Functions: pthread_attr_destroy(3), pthread_attr_init(3), pthread_attr_getscope(3), pthread_create(3)
Manuals: Guide to DECthreads and Programmer's Guide delim off
pthread_attr_setscope(3)