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Full Discussion: ls command help, figures not matching up
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers ls command help, figures not matching up Post 302088579 by jim mcnamara on Wednesday 13th of September 2006 10:12:43 AM
Old 09-13-2006
There are two possibilities I can think of offhand.
1. The filesystem for those has problems. see man fsck (or whatever utility anlyzes filesystems for you). Try this first.

2. Since ls returns something different from another "non-standard" utility and ls returns fewer files, consider that your system may have a rootkit installed. This behavior -underreporting files - is a common symptom of that. ls, quota, find, and other binaries - sometimes even kernel modules in Linux - are compromised so as to not show files. Or report the disk space they use.

I'm making guesses here - there is no way to know.

What OS do you have?
 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

quotaon

QUOTAON(8)						      System Manager's Manual							QUOTAON(8)

NAME

       quotaon, quotaoff - turn filesystem quotas on and off

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/sbin/quotaon [ -vugfp ] [ -F format-name ] filesystem...
       /usr/sbin/quotaon [ -avugfp ] [ -F format-name ]

       /usr/sbin/quotaoff [ -vugp ] [ -x state ] filesystem...
       /usr/sbin/quotaoff [ -avugp ]

DESCRIPTION

   quotaon
       quotaon	announces  to the system that disk quotas should be enabled on one or more filesystems. The filesystem quota files must be present
       in the root directory of the specified filesystem and be named either aquota.user (for version 2 user quota),  quota.user  (for	version  1
       user quota), aquota.group (for version 2 group quota), or quota.group (for version 1 group quota).

       XFS  filesystems  are a special case - XFS considers quota information as filesystem metadata and uses journaling to provide a higher level
       guarantee of consistency.  There are two components to the XFS disk quota  system:  accounting  and  limit  enforcement.   XFS  filesystems
       require	that  quota  accounting  be  turned on at mount time.  It is possible to enable and disable limit enforcement on an XFS filesystem
       after quota accounting is already turned on.  The default is to turn on both accounting and enforcement.

       The XFS quota implementation does not maintain quota information in user-visible files, but rather stores this information internally.

   quotaoff
       quotaoff announces to the system that the specified filesystems should have any disk quotas turned off.

OPTIONS

   quotaon
       -F, --format=format-name
	      Report quota for specified format (ie. don't perform format autodetection).  Possible format names are: vfsold Original quota format
	      with  16-bit UIDs / GIDs, vfsv0 Quota format with 32-bit UIDs / GIDs, 64-bit space usage, 32-bit inode usage and limits, vfsv1 Quota
	      format with 64-bit quota limits and usage, xfs (quota on XFS filesystem)

       -a, --all
	      All automatically mounted (no noauto option) non-NFS filesystems in /etc/fstab with quotas will have their quotas turned	on.   This
	      is normally used at boot time to enable quotas.

       -v, --verbose
	      Display a message for each filesystem where quotas are turned on.

       -u, --user
	      Manipulate user quotas. This is the default.

       -g, --group
	      Manipulate group quotas.

       -p, --print-state
	      Instead of turning quotas on just print state of quotas (ie. whether. quota is on or off)

       -x, --xfs-command enforce
	      Switch  on  limit enforcement for XFS filesystems. This is the default action for any XFS filesystem. This option is only applicable
	      to XFS, and is silently ignored for other filesystem types.

       -f, --off
	      Make quotaon behave like being called as quotaoff.

   quotaoff
       -F, --format=format-name
	      Report quota for specified format (ie. don't perform format autodetection).  Possible format names are: vfsold  (version	1  quota),
	      vfsv0 (version 2 quota), xfs (quota on XFS filesystem)

       -a, --all
	      Force all filesystems in /etc/fstab to have their quotas disabled.

       -v, --verbose
	      Display a message for each filesystem affected.

       -u, --user
	      Manipulate user quotas. This is the default.

       -g, --group
	      Manipulate group quotas.

       -p, --print-state
	      Instead of turning quotas off just print state of quotas (ie. whether. quota is on or off)

       -x, --xfs-command delete
	      Free  up the space used to hold quota information (maintained internally) within XFS.  This option is only applicable to XFS, and is
	      silently ignored for other filesystem types.  It can only be used on a filesystem with quota previously turned off.

       -x, --xfs-command enforce
	      Switch off limit enforcement for XFS filesystems (perform quota accounting only). This is the default action for any XFS filesystem.
	      This option is only applicable to XFS, and is silently ignored for other filesystem types.

       -x, --xfs-command account
	      This  option can be used to disable quota accounting. It is not possible to enable quota accounting by quota tools. Use mount(8) for
	      that. This option is only applicable to XFS filesystems, and is silently ignored for other filesystem types.

NOTES ON XFS FILESYSTEMS

       To enable quotas on an XFS filesystem, use mount(8) or /etc/fstab quota option to enable both accounting and  limit  enforcement.   quotaon
       utility cannot be used for this purpose.

       Turning on quotas on an XFS root filesystem requires the quota mount options be passed into the kernel at boot time through the Linux root-
       flags boot option.

       To turn off quota limit enforcement on any XFS filesystem, first make sure that quota accounting and enforcement are both turned  on  using
       repquota -v filesystem.	Then, use quotaoff -v filesystem to disable limit enforcement.	This may be done while the filesystem is mounted.

       Turning	on quota limit enforcement on an XFS filesystem is achieved using quotaon -v filesystem.  This may be done while the filesystem is
       mounted.

FILES

       aquota.user or aquota.group
			   quota file at the filesystem root (version 2 quota, non-XFS filesystems)
       quota.user or quota.group
			   quota file at the filesystem root (version 1 quota, non-XFS filesystems)
       /etc/fstab	   default filesystems

SEE ALSO

       quotactl(2), fstab(5), quota_nld(8), repquota(8), warnquota(8)

4th Berkeley Distribution														QUOTAON(8)
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