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Full Discussion: Validating inputs from a file
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Validating inputs from a file Post 302073097 by vino on Wednesday 10th of May 2006 05:49:07 AM
Old 05-10-2006
man test. Look for -z.

Code:
#! /bin/ksh

echo "ab bc cd" | while read a b c d
do
[ -z "$a" ] && echo "empty a" || echo "$a"
[ -z "$b" ] && echo "empty b" || echo "$b"
[ -z "$c" ] && echo "empty c" || echo "$c"
[ -z "$d" ] && echo "empty d" || echo "$d"
done

 

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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD

mixerctl

MIXERCTL(1)						    BSD General Commands Manual 					       MIXERCTL(1)

NAME

     mixerctl -- control audio mixing

SYNOPSIS

     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] [-v] -a
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] [-v] name ...
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] -w name=value ...
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] -w name++ ...
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] -w name-- ...
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] -w name+=value ...
     mixerctl [-d file] [-n] -w name-=value ...

DESCRIPTION

     The mixerctl command displays or sets various audio system mixing variables.  If a list of variables is present on the command line, then
     mixerctl prints the current value of those variables for the specified device.  If the -a flag is specified, all variables for the device are
     printed.  If the -w flag is specified, mixerctl attempts to set the specified variables to the given values.

     The -d flag can be used to give an alternative mixer device.  The default is /dev/mixer.

     The -n flag suppresses printing of the variable name.

     The -v flag shows the possible values of enumeration and set valued variables.  Enumerated values are shown in brackets (``[]'') and set val-
     ues are shown in curly braces (``{}'').

     The exact set of controls that can be manipulated depends on the mixer.  The general format (in both getting and setting a value) is
     class.name = value
     class can have values like inputs or outputs, indicating that the control affects the input or output of the mixer, respectively.	name indi-
     cates what part of the mixer the control affects.	Continuous mixer values, e.g., volume, have numeric values in the range 0-255.	If value
     can be set for each channel independently, the values are printed separated by commas.  Discrete mixer values, e.g., the recording source,
     have symbolic names.  Depending on the mixer it may either be an enumeration or a set.

     The suffixes ++ and -- can be used to step through the values of a mixer control.	For numeric controls, these operators increase or
     decrease, respectively, the value by an amount (the delta) suitable to make the control assume the next possible value.  For binary controls,
     these operators toggle between on and off.

     The operators += and -= change the value of a mixer control by the indicated number of steps.

ENVIRONMENT

     MIXERDEVICE  the mixer device to use.

FILES

     /dev/mixer 	 mixer audio device
     /etc/mixerctl.conf  mixer configuration file

EXAMPLES

     The command
	   mixerctl -a -v
     can produce

     inputs.mic=0,0 volume
     inputs.mic.mute=off  [ off on ]
     inputs.cd=220,220 volume
     inputs.cd.mute=off  [ off on ]
     inputs.dac=220,220 volume
     inputs.dac.mute=off  [ off on ]
     record.record=220,220 volume
     record.record.source=mic  [ mic cd dac ]
     monitor.monitor=0 volume

COMPATIBILITY

     The old -f flag is still supported.  This support will be removed eventually.

SEE ALSO

     audioctl(1), audio(4), mixerctl.conf(5), sysctl(8)

HISTORY

     The mixerctl command first appeared in NetBSD 1.3.

BSD
								  August 15, 2008							       BSD
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