03-19-2006
I'm not sure what your intention is.
Your program can only set the environment for itself and any children it would fork.
It can however not set the environment of its own parent.
Since you mentioned the getenv() and setenv() syscalls I assume you are referring to some C code.
On the other hand different languages use different accessors to the process'es environment.
While C shell compatible interpreters also use the setenv built-in
Bourne shell compatibles use the export built-in to mark an environment variable
(Bash additionally offers the declare -x).
Perl on the other hand uses the global hash %ENV in a package's symbol table.
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GETENV(3) Linux Programmer's Manual GETENV(3)
NAME
getenv - get an environment variable
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
char *getenv(const char *name);
DESCRIPTION
The getenv() function searches the environment list to find the environment variable name, and returns a pointer to the corresponding value
string.
RETURN VALUE
The getenv() function returns a pointer to the value in the environment, or NULL if there is no match.
CONFORMING TO
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C89, C99.
NOTES
The strings in the environment list are of the form name=value.
As typically implemented, getenv() returns a pointer to a string within the environment list. The caller must take care not to modify this
string, since that would change the environment of the process.
The implementation of getenv() is not required to be reentrant. The string pointed to by the return value of getenv() may be statically
allocated, and can be modified by a subsequent call to getenv(), putenv(3), setenv(3), or unsetenv(3).
SEE ALSO
clearenv(3), putenv(3), setenv(3), unsetenv(3), environ(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.25 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU
2008-03-17 GETENV(3)