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Full Discussion: Recover A password
Special Forums Cybersecurity Recover A password Post 2648 by Neo on Sunday 27th of May 2001 12:25:17 PM
Old 05-27-2001
The UNIX password encryption algorithm is a 'one way' mathematical function. 'One way' means there is encryption, but no decryption possible. As MIB and 98 say, the only way to search for passwords is to encrypt passwords and compare them to the encrypted string.

This is why picking simple dictionary words as passwords is weak, because password cracking programs use an internal dictionary to encrypt and compare.

One way passwords, BTW, has limited long term usefulness. With computing power and storage prices dropping, there will come a time in the near future when it is possible for people to encrypt all possible combinations (with the salt) and query the database directly with the encrypted string. With an 8 token limitation, this is becoming closer to reality each year.
 

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crypt(3C)																 crypt(3C)

NAME
crypt - generate hashing encryption SYNOPSIS
Obsolescent Interfaces DESCRIPTION
crypt(): is the password encryption function. It is based on a one way hashing encryption algorithm with variations intended (among other things) to frustrate use of hardware implementations of a key search. key is a user's typed password. salt is a two-character string chosen from the set this string is used to perturb the hashing algorithm in one of 4096 different ways, after which the password is used as the key to encrypt repeatedly a constant string. The returned value points to the encrypted password. The first two characters are the salt itself. Obsolescent Interfaces generate hashing encryption. WARNINGS
The return value for points to data whose content is overwritten by each call. and are obsolescent interfaces supported only for compatibility with existing DCE applications. New multithreaded applications should use SEE ALSO
crypt(1), login(1), passwd(1), getpass(3C), passwd(4), thread_safety(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
crypt(3C)
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