sed(1B) 					     SunOS/BSD Compatibility Package Commands						   sed(1B)

NAME

       sed - stream editor

SYNOPSIS

       sed [-n] [-e script] [-f sfilename]  [filename]...

DESCRIPTION

       The sed utility copies the  filenames (standard input default) to the standard output, edited according to a script of commands.

OPTIONS

       The following options are supported:

       -n	       Suppresses the default output.

       -e script       script is an edit command for sed. If there is just one -e option and no -f options, the -e flag may be omitted.

       -f sfilename    Takes the script from sfilename.

USAGE

   sed Scripts
       sed scripts consist of editing commands, one per line, of the following form:

       [ address [, address ] ] function [ arguments ]

       In normal operation, sed cyclically copies a line of input into a pattern space (unless there is something left after a D command), sequen-
       tially applies all commands with  addresses matching that pattern space until reaching the end of the script, copies the pattern  space	to
       the standard output (except under -n), and finally, deletes the pattern space.

       Some commands use a hold space to save all or part of the pattern space for subsequent retrieval.

       An address is either:

	 o  a decimal number linecount, which is cumulative across input files;

	 o  a $, which addresses the last input line;

	 o  or a context address, which is a /regular expression/ as described on the regexp(5) manual page, with the following exceptions:

	    ?RE?		    In a context address, the construction ?regular expression?, where ? is any character, is identical to /regu-
				    lar expression/. Note: in the context address xabcxdefx, the second x stands for itself, so that the regular
				    expression is abcxdef.

	    
			    Matches a  NEWLINE embedded in the pattern space.

	    .			    Matches any character except the NEWLINE ending the pattern space.

	    null		    A command line with no address selects every pattern space.

	    address		    Selects each pattern space that matches.

	    address1 ,address2	    Selects the inclusive range from the first pattern space matching address1 to the first pattern space matching
				    address2. Selects only one line if address1 is greater than or equal to address2.

   Comments
       If the first nonwhite character in a line is a  `#' (pound sign), sed treats that line as a comment, and ignores it. If, however, the first
       such line is of the form:

       #n

       sed runs as if the -n flag were specified.

   Functions
       The maximum number of permissible addresses for each function is indicated in parentheses in the list below.

       An  argument  denoted text consists of one or more lines, all but the last of which end with  to hide the NEWLINE. Backslashes in text are
       treated like backslashes in the replacement string of an s command, and may be used to protect initial SPACE and TAB characters against the
       stripping that is done on every script line.

       An  argument  denoted  rfilename or  wfilename must terminate the command line and must be preceded by exactly one SPACE. Each wfilename is
       created before processing begins. There can be at most 10 distinct wfilename arguments.(1)a	       Append: place text on the output before reading the next input line.
       text(2)b label      Branch to the `:' command bearing the label. Branch to the end of the script if label is empty.(2)c	       Change: delete the pattern space. With 0 or 1 address or at the end of a 2 address range, place text on the  output.  Start
       text	       the next cycle.(2)d	       Delete the pattern space. Start the next cycle.(2)D	       Delete the initial segment of the  pattern space through the first NEWLINE. Start the next cycle.(2)g	       Replace the contents of the pattern space by the contents of the hold space.(2)G	       Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.(2)h	       Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.(2)H	       Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.(1)i	       Insert: place text on the standard output.
       text(2)l	       List  the  pattern  space  on  the standard output in an unambiguous form. Non-printing characters are spelled in two digit
		       ASCII and long lines are folded.(2)n	       Copy the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the pattern space with the next line of input.(2)N	       Append the next line of input to the pattern space with an embedded newline. (The current line number changes.)

       (2)p	       Print: copy the pattern space to the standard output.(2)P	       Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through the first NEWLINE to the standard output.(1)q	       Quit: branch to the end of the script. Do not start a new cycle.(2)r rfilename  Read the contents of rfilename. Place them on the output before reading the next input line.(2)s/regular expression/replacement/flags

	   Substitute the  replacement string for instances of the regular expression in the pattern space. Any character may be used  instead	of
	   `/'. For a fuller description see regexp(5). flags is zero or more of:

	   n		   n= 1 - 512. Substitute for just the	nth occurrence of the regularexpression.

	   g		   Global: substitute for all nonoverlapping instances of the regular expression rather than just the first one.

	   p		   Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.

	   w wfilename	   Write: append the pattern space to  wfilename if a replacement was made.

       (2t label	       Test:  branch to the `:' command bearing the  label if any substitutions have been made since the most recent read-
			       ing of an input line or execution of a t. If  label is empty, branch to the end of the script.(2)w wfilename	       Write: append the pattern space to wfilename.(2)x		       Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.(2)y/string1/string2/   Transform: replace all occurrences of characters in  string1 with the  corresponding  character	in   string2.  The
			       lengths of string1 and  string2 must be equal.(2)! function	       Do not: apply the  function (or group, if  function is `{') only to lines  not selected by the address(es).

       (0): label	       This  command  does nothing. It bears a	label for b and t commands to branch to. Note: The maximum length of label
			       is seven characters.(1)=		       Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.(2){		       Execute the following commands through a matching `}' only when the pattern space is selected.  Commands are  sepa-
			       rated by `;'.

       (0)		       An empty command is ignored.

   Large Files
       See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of sed when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2**31 bytes).

DIAGNOSTICS

       Too many commands

	   The command list contained more than 200 commands.

       Too much command text

	   The	command  list  was  too  big  for  sed to handle. Text in the a, c, and i commands, text read in by r commands, addresses, regular
	   expressions and replacement strings in s commands, and translation tables in y commands all require sed to store data internally.

       Command line too long

	   A command line was longer than 4000 characters.

       Too many line numbers

	   More than 256 decimal number linecounts were specified as addresses in the command list.

       Too many files in w commands

	   More than 10 different files were specified in w commands or w options for s commands in the command list.

       Too many labels

	   More than 50 labels were specified in the command list.

       Unrecognized command

	   A command was not one of the ones recognized by sed.

       Extra text at end of command

	   A command had extra text after the end.

       Illegal line number

	   An address was neither a decimal number linecount, a $, nor a context address.

       Space missing before filename

	   There was no space between an r or w command, or the w option for a s command, and the filename specified for that command.

       Too many {'s

	   There were more { than } in the list of commands to be executed.

       Too many }'s

	   There were more } than { in the list of commands to be executed.

       No addresses allowed

	   A command that takes no addresses had an address specified.

       Only one address allowed

	   A command that takes one address had two addresses specified.

       "digit" out of range

	   The number in a 
 item in a regular expression or a replacement string in ans command was greater than 9.

       Bad number

	   One of the endpoints in a range item in a regular expression (that is, an item of the form {n} or {n,m}) was not a number.

       Range endpoint too large

	   One of the endpoints in a range item in a regular expression was greater than 255.

       More than 2 numbers given in { }

	   More than two endpoints were given in a range expression.

       } expected after 

	   A  appeared in a range expression and was not followed by a }.

       First number exceeds second in { }

	   The first endpoint in a range expression was greater than the second.

       Illegal or missing delimiter

	   The delimiter at the end of a regular expression was absent.

       ( ) imbalance

	   There were more ( than ), or more ) than (, in a regular expression.

       [ ] imbalance

	   There were more [ than ], or more ] than [, in a regular expression.

       First RE may not be null

	   The first regular expression in an address or in a s command was null (empty).

       Ending delimiter missing on substitution

	   The ending delimiter in a s command was absent.

       Ending delimiter missing on string

	   The ending delimiter in a y command was absent.

       Transform strings not the same size

	   The two strings in a y command were not the same size.

       Suffix too large - 512 max

	   The suffix in a s command, specifying which occurrence of the regular expression should be replaced, was greater than 512.

       Label too long

	   A label in a command was longer than 8 characters.

       Duplicate labels

	   The same label was specified by more than one : command.

       File name too long

	   The filename specified in a r or w command, or in the w option for a s command, was longer than 1024 characters.

       Output line too long

	   An output line was longer than 4000 characters long.

       Too many appends or reads after line n

	   More than 20 a or r commands were to be executed for line n.

       Hold space overflowed.

	   More than 4000 characters were to be stored in the hold space.

FILES

       usr/ucb/sed		       BSD sed

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWscpu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       awk(1), grep(1), lex(1), attributes(5), largefile(5), regexp(5)

BUGS

       There is a combined limit of 200 -e and -f arguments. In addition, there are various internal size limits which, in rare cases,	may  over-
       flow. To overcome these limitations, either combine or break out scripts, or use a pipeline of sed commands.

SunOS 5.10							   28  Mar 1995 							   sed(1B)