Cwd(3pm)						 Perl Programmers Reference Guide						  Cwd(3pm)

NAME

       Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

SYNOPSIS

	   use Cwd;
	   my $dir = getcwd;

	   use Cwd 'abs_path';
	   my $abs_path = abs_path($file);

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides functions for determining the pathname of the current working directory.  It is recommended that getcwd (or another
       *cwd() function) be used in all code to ensure portability.

       By default, it exports the functions cwd(), getcwd(), fastcwd(), and fastgetcwd() (and, on Win32, getdcwd()) into the caller's namespace.

   getcwd and friends
       Each of these functions are called without arguments and return the absolute path of the current working directory.

       getcwd
	       my $cwd = getcwd();

	   Returns the current working directory.

	   Exposes the POSIX function getcwd(3) or re-implements it if it's not available.

       cwd
	       my $cwd = cwd();

	   The cwd() is the most natural form for the current architecture.  For most systems it is identical to `pwd` (but without the trailing
	   line terminator).

       fastcwd
	       my $cwd = fastcwd();

	   A more dangerous version of getcwd(), but potentially faster.

	   It might conceivably chdir() you out of a directory that it can't chdir() you back into.  If fastcwd encounters a problem it will
	   return undef but will probably leave you in a different directory.  For a measure of extra security, if everything appears to have
	   worked, the fastcwd() function will check that it leaves you in the same directory that it started in.  If it has changed it will "die"
	   with the message "Unstable directory path, current directory changed unexpectedly".	That should never happen.

       fastgetcwd
	     my $cwd = fastgetcwd();

	   The fastgetcwd() function is provided as a synonym for cwd().

       getdcwd
	       my $cwd = getdcwd();
	       my $cwd = getdcwd('C:');

	   The getdcwd() function is also provided on Win32 to get the current working directory on the specified drive, since Windows maintains a
	   separate current working directory for each drive.  If no drive is specified then the current drive is assumed.

	   This function simply calls the Microsoft C library _getdcwd() function.

   abs_path and friends
       These functions are exported only on request.  They each take a single argument and return the absolute pathname for it.  If no argument is
       given they'll use the current working directory.

       abs_path
	     my $abs_path = abs_path($file);

	   Uses the same algorithm as getcwd().  Symbolic links and relative-path components ("." and "..") are resolved to return the canonical
	   pathname, just like realpath(3).

       realpath
	     my $abs_path = realpath($file);

	   A synonym for abs_path().

       fast_abs_path
	     my $abs_path = fast_abs_path($file);

	   A more dangerous, but potentially faster version of abs_path.

   $ENV{PWD}
       If you ask to override your chdir() built-in function,

	 use Cwd qw(chdir);

       then your PWD environment variable will be kept up to date.  Note that it will only be kept up to date if all packages which use chdir
       import it from Cwd.

NOTES

       o   Since the path separators are different on some operating systems ('/' on Unix, ':' on MacPerl, etc...) we recommend you use the
	   File::Spec modules wherever portability is a concern.

       o   Actually, on Mac OS, the "getcwd()", "fastgetcwd()" and "fastcwd()" functions are all aliases for the "cwd()" function, which, on Mac
	   OS, calls `pwd`.  Likewise, the "abs_path()" function is an alias for "fast_abs_path()".

AUTHOR

       Originally by the perl5-porters.

       Maintained by Ken Williams <KWILLIAMS@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 2004 by the Perl 5 Porters.  All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

       Portions of the C code in this library are copyright (c) 1994 by the Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.  The
       license on this code is compatible with the licensing of the rest of the distribution - please see the source code in Cwd.xs for the
       details.

SEE ALSO

       File::chdir

perl v5.16.2							    2012-10-11								  Cwd(3pm)