03-20-2002
You are partially correct! The data does traverse down the OSI model on the source node.......across the network medium.......to the destination node....and back up the OSI model.
BUT, transmissions do not have to actually start at the application level. Have you ever heard of two or three tier routers? They only use part of the OSI model.....hence two or three layers are transmitted....not all 7.
It goes like this:
Data to be sent in this datagram = XXXXXXXXXX
Layer 7 puts on application specific headers:
AAXXXXXXXXXXA
Then Layer 6 for presentation:
PPAAXXXXXXXXXXAP
Then Layer 5 does the same on a session basis:
SSPPAAXXXXXXXXXXAPS
Layer 4 for transport portion:
TTSSPPAAXXXXXXXXXXAPST
Layer 3 goes next:
NNTTSSPPAAXXXXXXXXXXAPSTN
Layer 2 puts on the Data Link layer stuff:
DDNNTTSSPPAAXXXXXXXXXXAPSTND
The finally the Physical layer:
PPDDNNTTSSPPAAXXXXXXXXXXAPSTNDP
This is then transmitted. At the destination...each layer strips the corresponding layer and sends it up to the next layer....etc.
This is very basic...it's more complex than this tutorial...each layer does not have the same size of headers...and such...but this gets the idea across.
7 More Discussions You Might Find Interesting
1. UNIX Desktop Questions & Answers
what is it??
I looked everywhere but cant seem to find it
also where can I get information about the difference between NFS 2 or NFS 3?? (6 Replies)
Discussion started by: TRUEST
6 Replies
2. Solaris
Dear
After i received a demo license for OSI 9.0 from SUN , i installed the packages . but when i tried to start the osinet deamon ( /etc/rc2.d/S90osinet ) i am getting the foellowing errror
# ./S90osinet start
starting osi daemon/usr/sbin/osinetd cannot find a valid license (STACK 9.0)... (4 Replies)
Discussion started by: itsgeorge
4 Replies
3. Solaris
Hi.
I get the folloing message if i try to start the osinet deamon:
# /etc/rc2.d/S90osinet start
starting osi daemonunable to unload all the osi modules
some OSI applications may be running
unable to start OSI daemon
#
Has anyone an idea what is going wrong?
Answers to mail: (Note... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: morenqfj
1 Replies
4. Solaris
I'm using OSI version 9.0 with solaries OS , I 'm thinking of analysing the tracing while sending information through OSI layers , I want to analyze exactly the BER data ? Any one could provide an examples , I know the command for tracing these information but i need to understand the bytes travels... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: atiato
1 Replies
5. Debian
Is there OSI telecom application which can be installed on debian similar to Solstice Solaries OSI ?
I need to get it on debian to build cmise and communicate with Network element . (0 Replies)
Discussion started by: atiato
0 Replies
6. IP Networking
Hi friends,
I hope everyone is doing fine. I have this confusion regarding the OSI model. I have been reading a book on datacommunication and networking which discusses the OSI model in great detail. One thing that I can't figure out is the OSI daigram in this book. It shows communication between... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: gabam
1 Replies
7. Solaris
dear all,
i am working on test server with solaris 10 , after installing OSI deamon i stopped it for a test now when i am starting again i am getting this message that i ggoled and search evrywhere and haven't any response i will be glade for any help in here mate the error was :
./osinet... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: semaan
1 Replies
LEARN ABOUT PHP
fann_get_activation_steepness
FANN_GET_ACTIVATION_STEEPNESS(3) 1 FANN_GET_ACTIVATION_STEEPNESS(3)
fann_get_activation_steepness - Returns the activation steepness for supplied neuron and layer number
SYNOPSIS
float fann_get_activation_steepness (resource $ann, int $layer, int $neuron)
DESCRIPTION
Get the activation steepness for neuron number neuron in layer number layer, counting the input layer as layer 0.
It is not possible to get activation steepness for the neurons in the input layer.
The steepness of an activation function says something about how fast the activation function goes from the minimum to the maximum. A high
value for the activation function will also give a more agressive training.
When training neural networks where the output values should be at the extremes (usually 0 and 1, depending on the activation function), a
steep activation function can be used (e.g. 1.0).
The default activation steepness is 0.5.
PARAMETERS
o $ann
-Neural network resource.
o $layer
- Layer number
o $neuron
- Neuron number
RETURN VALUES
The activation steepness for the neuron or -1 if the neuron is not defined in the neural network, or FALSE on error.
SEE ALSO
fann_set_activation_function(3), fann_set_activation_steepness_layer(3), fann_set_activation_steepness_hidden(3), fann_set_activa-
tion_steepness_output(3), fann_set_activation_steepness(3).
PHP Documentation Group FANN_GET_ACTIVATION_STEEPNESS(3)