03-03-2002
I have never heard of any macros like that and I don't see them in HP's include file.
Big Endian and Little Endian are two ways to distribute the 4 bytes of a 32 bit integer. At least one other scheme is in use. If big endian is 4321 and little endian is 1234, then the other scheme is 2143. It arose when a 16 bit big endian cpu with a 16 bit adder implemented 32 bit arithmetic in two stages. It needed to add the low order words first to get the carry for the second addition stage. And these are just the three schemes that I know exist. There are 21 other ways to distribute 4 bytes of a 32 bit integer. And even that assumes that we can all stay in agreement that the bytes themselves are big endian.
The macros that I mentioned will handle all of the possibilities. If you use them you should never have to worry about or even know the structure of a word on your computer.
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LEARN ABOUT OSF1
swap_lw_bytes
swap_lw_bytes(9r) swap_lw_bytes(9r)
NAME
swap_lw_bytes, swap_word_bytes, swap_words - General: Perform byte-swapping operations
SYNOPSIS
unsigned int swap_lw_bytes(
unsigned int buffer ); unsigned int swap_word_bytes(
unsigned int buffer ); unsigned int swap_words(
unsigned int buffer );
ARGUMENTS
Specifies a 32-bit (4 bytes) quantity.
DESCRIPTION
The swap_lw_bytes interface performs a longword byte swap. The swap_word_bytes interface performs a short word byte swap. The swap_words
interface performs a word byte swap. Many computer vendors support devices that use a big endian model of byte ordering. Because Digital
devices support the little endian model of byte ordering, there is a need for these byte-swapping interfaces. In addition, some buses (for
example, the VMEbus) can have specific or implied byte ordering that may require the use of these interfaces.
Given that a longword is equal to 4 bytes; a short word is equal to 2 bytes; and 1 byte is equal to 8 bits, these interfaces swap bytes as
follows: The swap_lw_bytes interface takes the 32-bit quantity specified by the buffer argument and swaps all 4 bytes. The swap_word_bytes
interface takes the 32-bit quantity specified by the buffer argument and swaps the individual bytes that make up each word of the 32-bit
quantity. The swap_words interface takes the 32-bit quantity specified by the buffer argument and swaps the two 16-bit words.
The following illustration compares the byte swapping performed by these interfaces.
31 0
+---+---+---+---+ Starting value: | a | b | c | d |
+---+---+---+---+
Long word byte swap
(swap_lw_bytes)
31 0
+---+---+---+---+ Ending value: | d | c | b | a |
+-------+---+---+
Short word byte swap
(swap_word_bytes)
31 0
+---+---+---+---+ Ending value: | b | a | d | c |
+---+---+---+---+
31 0
+---+---+---+---+ Starting value: | ab | cd |
+---+---+---+---+
Word byte swap
(swap_words)
31 0
+---+---+---+---+ Ending value: | cd | ab |
+---+---+---+---+
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, these interfaces return the swapped bytes.
swap_lw_bytes(9r)