CC(1)							      General Commands Manual							     CC(1)

NAME

       cc - C compiler

SYNOPSIS

       cc [-STOUfcimos] [-w[aos]] [-v[n]] [-Dname]* [-Idir]* [-Ldir]* file+ [-lname]*

OPTIONS

       -D     The flag -Dx[=y] defines a macro x with (optional) value y

       -I     -Idir searches dir for include files

       -L     -Ldir searches dir for -lname libraries

       -O     Optimize the code

       -S     Produce an assembly code file, then stop

       -T     The flag -Tdir tells cc and as to use dir for temporary files

       -U     Undefine a macro

       -E     Preprocess to standard output

       -c     Compile only.  Do not link

       -f     Link with floating point emulation library

       -i     Use separate I & D space (64K + 64K) ( only)

       -l     The flag -lname causes the library libname.a to be linked

       -m     Remove unnecessary prototypes after preprocessing ( only)

       -o     Put output on file named by next arg

       -s     Strip the symbol-table from executable file

       -v     Verbose; print pass names

       -vn    Verbose; print pass names but do not run them

       -w     Suppress warning messages

       -ws    Suppress strict messages

       -wa    Suppress all warning and strict messages

       -wo    Suppress messages about old-style

       -.o    Do not link the default run-time start-off

EXAMPLES

       cc -c file.c	   # Compile file.c

       cc -DFOO file.c	   # Treat the symbol FOO as defined

       cc -wo -o out file.c
			   # Compile old-style code; output to out

DESCRIPTION

       This is the C compiler.	It has eight passes, as follows:

	  Program   Input   Output   Operation performed
	  lib/ncpp  prog.c  prog.i   C preprocessor: #include, #define, #ifdef
	  lib/irrel prog.i  prog.i   Removal of unnecessary prototypes
	  lib/ncem  prog.i  prog.k   Parsing and semantic analysis
	  lib/nopt  prog.k  prog.m   Optimization of the intermediate code
	  lib/ncg   prog.m  prog.s   Code generation
	  bin/as    prog.s  prog.o   Assembly
	  lib/ld    prog.o  prog.out Linking
	  lib/cv    prog.out	     a.outConversion to MINIX a.out format

       In  the 68000 versions of MINIX , the preprocessor is not called since the front-end contains the preprocessor.	This increases compilation
       speed.

       The main program, cc , forks appropriately to call the passes, transmitting flags and arguments.  The -v  flag  causes  the  passes  to	be
       listed as they are called, and the -vn flag causes the passes to be listed but not called.

       The  libraries  should  be  made  with aal (which is the same as ar on the 68000 versions), and consist of .o files.  The internal order of
       files inside the library is unimportant, but the order in which the libraries are specified is.

       When -T is used, the intermediate files end up in the directory specified.  Otherwise, /tmp is used.  When available memory is very limited
       (e.g., a 512K machine), it may be necessary to run chmem to reduce the sizes of the compiler passes that do not fit, typically ncem .

       On  the	other hand, if the compiler (or, in fact, almost any program) begins acting strange, it is almost always due to its running out of
       space, either stack space or scratch file space.  The relevant pass can be given more stack space using chmem .	 More  space  for  scratch
       files can be obtained by removing other files on the device.

       If  the compiler runs out of memory, it may be necessary to use the -m flag.  This causes irrel to be run, which removes unnecessary proto-
       types and thus frees up extra table space within the compiler.  Beware, however, that running this pass may cause strictly conforming  pro-
       grams to become non-conforming and vice versa, so you should only run this pass as a last resort.

       The  compiler  is  derived from the ACK system (Tanenbaum et al., Communications of the ACM, Sept. 1983), not from the AT&T portable C com-
       piler.  It has been shoehorned onto the PC with some loss of performance.

SEE ALSO

       make(1).

																	     CC(1)