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In fact, it's not a work around but one of the basic methods in data processing.

A day has 24 hours; you want to assign a certain value to each hour, a linear relationship that could be calculated has been rejected; so I put the desired values as defined by YOU into a 24 element...

That little script is taking advantage of some of awk's idiosyncrasies / default behaviour. It creates a 24 element array B by splitting the given string using the (default if ommitted: scriptwide)...

Try
awk -F, 'BEGIN {split ("3,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,0", B); B[0] = 3} {print $1, "CUT " B[$2+0]}' file



EDIT: or, even better:

awk -F, 'BEGIN {split...

Try
sed -r 's/,1[567](:[0-9]{2}){2}/ CUT 1/; s/,(1[89]|2[012])(:[0-9]{2}){2}/ CUT 2/; s/,0[012](:[0-9]{2}){2}/ CUT 3/' file

Sorry, no.
You say that "CUT 1" is assigned if the stamp falls into the two hour interval 15:00h - 17:00h, "CUT 2" for 4 hours between 18:00h and 22:00h, and "CUT 3" for the 3 hrs from 0:00h till...

Unfortunately, your relation between start hour and the CUT No. is not linear, else this might work
awk -F, '{sub (/_[^_]*_[^_]*_[^_]*$/, _, $1); split ($2, T, ":"); print $1, "CUT", int...