nm(1) General Commands Manual nm(1)Name
nm - name list dump of RISC object files
Syntax
nm [-adefghnopruvxABTV] [ file1 ... filen ]
Description
The nm command prints listings formats for the symbol and external sections of the symbol table. A file can be an object or an archive.
If you do not specify a file, this command assumes a.out.
Options
The -A and -B options specify AT&T System V style output or Berkeley (4.3 BSD) style output, respectively. The default is Berkeley (4.3
BSD). Some options can change the version-specific defaults. These options change the meaning of overloaded flags after -A or -B is speci-
fied.
A normal Berkeley system produces the address or value field followed by a letter showing what section the symbol or external is in and the
name of the symbol or external.
These section letters describe the information that nm generates:
N nil storage class, compiler internal usage
T external text
t local text
D external initialized data
d local initialized data
B external zeroed data
b local zeroed data
A external absolute
a local absolute
U external undefined
G external small initialized data
g local small initialized data
S external small zeroed data
s local small zeroed data
R external read only
r local read only
C common
E small common
V external small undefined
The standard System V format and the -a specified Berkeley format provide an expanded listing with these columns:
Name the symbol or external name
Value the value field for the symbol or external, usually an address or interesting debugging information
Class the symbol type
Type the symbol's language declaration
Size unused
Index the symbol's index field
Section the symbol's storage class Every effort was made to map the field's functionality into System V nomenclature. The nm command
accepts these options:
-a prints debugging information, effectively turning Berkeley into System V format
-b prints the value field in octal
-d prints the value field in decimal (the System V default)
-e prints external and statics only
-f produces full output--nm still accepts this old option, but ignores it
-h does not print headers
-n for System V, sorts external symbols by name (default for Berkeley), and for Berkeley, sorts all symbols by value
-o for System V, prints the value field in octal, and for Berkeley prepends the filename to each symbol--good for grepping through nm of
libraries
-p prints symbols as they are found in the file (the System V default)
-r reverses the sense of a value or name sort
-u prints only undefined symbols
-v sorts external symbols by value
-x prints value field in hexadecimal (Berkeley default)
-T truncates long names, inserting an asterisk (*) as the last printed character
-V prints version information on stderr
RISC nm(1)
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NM(1) General Commands Manual NM(1)NAME
nm - display name list (symbol table)
SYNOPSIS
nm [ -agnoprumxjlf [ s segname sectname ]] [ file ... ]
DESCRIPTION
Nm displays the name list (symbol table) of each object file in the argument list. If an argument is an archive, a listing for each object
file in the archive will be produced. File can be of the form libx.a(x.o), in which case only symbols from that member of the object file
are listed. (The parentheses have to be quoted to get by the shell.) If no file is given, the symbols in a.out are listed.
Each symbol name is preceded by its value (blanks if undefined). Unless the -m option is specified, this value is followed by one of the
following characters, representing the symbol type: U (undefined), A (absolute), T (text section symbol), D (data section symbol), B (bss
section symbol), C (common symbol), - (for debugger symbol table entries; see -a below), S (symbol in a section other than those above), or
I (indirect symbol). If the symbol is local (non-external), the symbol's type is instead represented by the corresponding lowercase let-
ter. A lower case u in a dynamic shared library indicates a undefined reference to a private external in another module in the same
library.
If the symbol is a Objective C method, the symbol name is +-[Class_name(category_name) method:name:], where `+' is for class methods, `-'
is for instance methods, and (category_name) is present only when the method is in a category.
The output is sorted alphabetically by default.
Options are:
-a Display all symbol table entries, including those inserted for use by debuggers.
-g Display only global (external) symbols.
-n Sort numerically rather than alphabetically.
-o Prepend file or archive element name to each output line, rather than only once.
-p Don't sort; display in symbol-table order.
-r Sort in reverse order.
-u Display only undefined symbols.
-m Display the N_SECT type symbols (Mach-O symbols) as (segment_name, section_name) followed by either external or non-external and
then the symbol name. Undefined, common, absolute and indirect symbols get displayed as (undefined), (common), (absolute), and
(indirect), respectively.
-x Display the symbol table entry's fields in hexadecimal, along with the name as a string.
-j Just display the symbol names (no value or type).
-s segname sectname
List only those symbols in the section (segname,sectname).
-l List a pseudo symbol .section_start if no symbol has as its value the starting address of the section. (This is used with the -s
option above.)
-arch arch_type
Specifies the architecture, arch_type, of the file for nm(1) to operate on when the file is a fat file (see arch(3) for the cur-
rently known arch_types). The arch_type can be "all" to operate on all architectures in the file. The default is to display the
symbols from only the host architecture, if the file contains it; otherwise, symbols for all architectures in the file are dis-
played.
-f Display the symbol table of a dynamic library flat (as one file not separate modules).
SEE ALSO ar(1), ar(5), Mach-O(5), stab(5), nlist(3)BUGS
Displaying Mach-O symbols with -m is too verbose. Without the -m, symbols in the Objective C sections get displayed as an `s'.
Apple Computer, Inc. October 23, 1997 NM(1)