big5(5) [osf1 man page]
big5(5) File Formats Manual big5(5) NAME
big5 - A character encoding system (codeset) for Traditional Chinese DESCRIPTION
The big5 codeset is one of several codesets that support the Traditional Chinese language. This codeset includes the following character sets: ASCII Big-5 The big5 codeset uses a combination of single-byte data and two-byte data to represent ASCII characters, symbols, and Chinese ideographic characters. ASCII Characters All ASCII characters are represented in the form of single-byte, 7-bit data in the big5 codeset; that is, the most significant bit (MSB) of a byte that represents an ASCII character is always set off. For more information, see ascii(5). Big-5 Character Groups The Big-5 character set defines the following character groups: Special symbols (408) Level 1 characters (5401) Level 2 characters (7652) Level 1 user-defined space (785) Level 2 user-defined space (2983) Level 3 user-defined space (2041) Code Values for Big-5 Characters Each Big-5 character is represented by a two-byte code that compiles according to the Big-5 standard. The MSB of the first byte is always set on while that of the second byte can be on or off. Code ranges for characters in the different character groups are as follows: Special symbols: A140 to A3BF Level 1 characters: A440 to C67E Level 2 characters: C940 to F9D5 Level 1 user-defined space: FA40 to FEFE Level 2 user-defined space: 8E40 to A0FE Level 3 user-defined space: 8140 to 8DFE In this space, the valid code range for the first byte is 81 to FE, while that for the second byte is 40 to 7E and A1 to FE. Codeset Conversion The following codeset converter pairs are available for converting Traditional Chinese characters between big5 and other encoding formats. Refer to iconv_intro(5) for an introduction to codeset conversion. For more information about the other codeset for which big5 is the input or output, see the reference page specified in the list item. dechanyu_big5, big5_dechanyu Converting from and to DEC Hanyu: dechanyu(5) dechanzi_big5, big5_dechanzi Converting from and to DEC Hanzi: dechanzi(5) eucTW_big5, big5_eucTW Converting from and to Taiwanese Extended UNIX Code: eucTW(5) sbig5_big5, big5_sbig5 Converting from and to Shift Big-5: sbig5(5) telecode_big5, big5_telecode Converting from and to Telecode: telecode(5) UCS-2_big5, big5_UCS-2 Converting from and to UCS-2: Unicode(5) UCS-4_big5, big5_UCS-4 Converting from and to UCS-4: Unicode(5) UTF-8_big5, big5_UTF-8 Converting from and to UTF-8: Unicode(5) Note The big5 encoding format is identical to the encoding format used in PC code pages that support Traditional Chinese. Therefore, you can use codeset converters that convert between big5 and UCS-2, UCS-4, or UTF-8 to convert Traditional Chinese data between PC code-page and Uni- code encoding formats. Refer to code_page(5) for a discussion of how the operating system supports PC code pages. Fonts for Big-5 Characters The operating system supports Big-5 code by internally converting characters to DEC Hanyu. Therefore, DEC Hanyu fonts are used for Big-5 characters. Both display and printer fonts are provided for DEC Hanyu and these are listed in the dechanyu(5) reference page. For general information about printer support for and codeset conversion of Asian text, refer to i18n_printing(5). SEE ALSO
Commands: locale(1) Others: ascii(5), Chinese(5), code_page(5), dechanyu(5), dechanzi(5), eucTW(5), GBK(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5), iconv_intro(5), l10n_intro(5), sbig5(5), telecode(5), Unicode(5) big5(5)
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dechanyu(5) File Formats Manual dechanyu(5) NAME
dechanyu - A character encoding system (codeset) for Traditional Chinese DESCRIPTION
The DEC Hanyu (dechanyu) codset consists of the following sets of characters: ASCII The first and second character planes of CNS11643-1986 Digital Taiwan Supplemental Character Set (DTSCS) User-defined characters DEC Hanyu uses a combination of single-byte data, 2-byte data, and 4-byte data to represent ASCII characters, symbols, or ideographic char- acters. ASCII characters All ASCII characters are represented in the form of single-byte, 7-bit data in DEC Hanyu; that is, the most significant bit (MSB) of a byte that represents an ASCII character is always set off. Refer to ascii(5) for more information about the ASCII character set. CNS11643-1986 Characters (Planes 1 and 2) Each plane of the CNS 11643-1986 character set is divided into 94 rows and each of these rows has 94 columns. The characters defined in plane 1 and plane 2 of CNS 11643-1986 are as follows: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Character Plane Character Type Number of Characters ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Special characters 651 Control characters 33 Frequently used characters 5401 2 Less frequently used characters 7650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note that the first two planes of the CNS11643-1986 character set are the same as those specified for the revised CNS11643-1992 character set. In DEC Hanyu, each CNS 11643-1986 character is represented by two bytes, in conformance with the CNS 11643-1986 standard. The MSB of the first byte is always turned on while that of the second byte is on for the first character plane and off for the second character plane. The first byte of CNS 11643-1986 encoding determines the row number of the character, while the second byte determines its column number. Code ranges for the two character planes are as follows: A1A1 to FEFE A121 to FE7E The following formulas determine the value of a CNS 11643-1986 character in relation to its row and column numbers. For a CNS 11643-1986 Plane 1 character: 1st byte = A0(hex) + Row number 2nd byte = A0(hex) + Column number For a CNS 11643-1986 Plane 2 character: 1st byte = A0(hex) + Row number 2nd byte = 20(hex) + Column number For example, if a character is positioned at the first column of the 36th row on CNS 11643 plane 1, its value is C4A1, which is calculated as follows: 1st byte = A0(hex) + 36 = C4(hex) 2nd byte = A0(hex) + 01 = A1(hex) Similarly, if a character is positioned at the first column of the 36th row on CNS 11643 plane 2, its value is C421, which is calculated as follows: 1st byte = A0(hex) + 36 = C4(hex) 2nd byte = 20(hex) + 01 = 21(hex) DTSCS Characters Currently, only the EDPC (Electronic Data Processing Centre) Recommended Character Set, which defines a total of 6319 characters (rows 1 to 68), is included in the Digital Taiwan Supplementary Character Set (DTSCS). In the revised CNS 11643-1992 standard, the 6319 characters in the EDPC Recommended Character Set are assigned to the third and fourth character planes as follows: --------------------------------------------------------- EDPC Characters Character Plane Number of Characters --------------------------------------------------------- Part I Plane 3 6148 Part II Plane 4 171 --------------------------------------------------------- The characters defined in Plane 3 and Plane 4 of CNS 11643-1992 are as follows: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Character Plane Character Type Number of Characters --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Rarely-used characters (EDPC Part I) 6148 4 Used for residency system, ISO 2nd edi- 7298 tion DIS 10646 Han characters, 171 EDPC Part II Characters --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In DEC Hanyu, each DTSCS character is represented by a 4-byte value. The first two bytes are the leading value, specifically C2CB, which is used as a designator sequence for the DTSCS character set. The MSB of the third and fourth bytes is set on for the EDPC Recommended Character Set. User-Defined Characters In addition to the two Chinese character sets described in preceding sections, DEC Hanyu provides an area of 3587 positions for user- defined characters (UDC). The positions for UDC are those positions that are unused (but not reserved) code points on the first and second character planes of CNS 11643-1986. The encoding for UDC is exactly the same as that for CNS11643-1986 except that the two sets of characters occupy different regions. Code ranges for UDC are as follows: ----------------------------------------------- Character Plane Number of UDC Code Range ----------------------------------------------- 1 145 FDCC to FEFE 1 2256 AAA1 to C1FE 2 1186 F245 to FE7E ----------------------------------------------- Codeset Conversion The following codeset converter pairs are available for converting Traditional Chinese characters between dechanyu and other encoding for- mats. Refer to iconv_intro(5) for an introduction to codeset conversion. For more information about the other codeset for which dechanyu is the input or output, see the reference page specified in the list item. big5_dechanyu, dechanyu_big5 Converting from and to the Big-5 codeset: big5(5). Note that Big-5 encoding is equivalent to the Microsoft code-page format used on PCs for Traditional Chinese. See code_page(5) for information about PC code pages. dechanzi_dechanyu, dechanyu_dechanzi Converting from and to the DEC Hanzi codeset: dechanzi(5). eucTW_dechanyu, dechanyu_eucTW Converting from and to Taiwanese Extended UNIX Code: eucTW(5). telecode_dechanyu, dechanyu_telecode Converting from and to the Telecode codeset: telecode(5). UCS-2_dechanyu, dechanyu_UCS-2 Converting from and to UCS-2 format: Unicode(5). UCS-4_dechanyu, dechanyu_UCS-4 Converting from and to UCS-4 format: Unicode(5). UTF-8_dechanyu, dechanyu_UTF-8 Converting from and to UTF--8 format: Unicode(5). Fonts for DEC Hanyu Characters The operating system provides both screen and printer fonts for DEC Hanyu characters. The following DECwindows Motif fonts are grouped according to character set and family; they reflect various sizes and typefaces for 75dpi and 100dpi display devices: CNS 11643-1986 Fonts (Hei family): -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-m-160-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--16-160-100-100-m-160-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 CNS 11643-1986 fonts (Screen family): -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-100-100-m-160-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-nor- mal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-100-100-m-160-dec.cns11643.1986-UDC -adecw-screen- medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-UDC CNS 11643-1986 fonts (Sung family): -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--32-320-75-75-m-320-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.cns11643.1986-2 -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--32-320-100-100-m-320-dec.cns11643.1986-2 DTSCS fonts (Hei family): -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-m-160-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-hei- medium-r-normal--16-160-100-100-m-160-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-hei-medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 DTSCS fonts (Screen family): -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-100-100-m-160-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 DTSCS fonts (Sung family): -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--32-320-75-75-m-320-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw- sung-medium-r-normal--24-240-100-100-m-240-dec.dtscs.1990-2 -adecw-sung-medium-r-normal--32-320-100-100-m-320-dec.dtscs.1990-2 The operating system provides the following PostScript printer fonts for CNS 11643-1986 characters: Hei-Light-CNS11643 Sung-Light-CNS11643 These PostScript fonts support only the Traditional Chinese characters in planes 1 and 2 of the CNS 11643 character set. The Traditional Chinese characters in the DTSCS character set are not supported by printer fonts. The restriction also applies to the eucTW codeset, which also includes DTSCS characters and is supported by the same fonts as dechanyu. For general information on printing Asian language text, refer to i18n_printing(5). SEE ALSO
Commands: locale(1) Others: ascii(5), big5(5), Chinese(5), code_page(5), dechanzi(5), eucTW(5), GBK(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5), iconv_intro(5), l10n_intro(5), sbig5(5), telecode(5) dechanyu(5)