wcd(1) 2012-03-26 wcd(1)
NAME
wcd - Wherever Change Directory
chdir for DOS and Unix
SYNOPSIS
wcd [options] [directory]
DESCRIPTION
Overview
Wcd is a command-line program to change directory fast. It saves time typing at the keyboard. One needs to type only a part of a directory
name and wcd will jump to it. Wcd has a fast selection method in case of multiple matches and allows aliasing and banning of directories.
Wcd also includes a full screen interactive directory tree browser with speed search.
Wcd was modeled after Norton Change Directory (NCD). NCD appeared first in The Norton Utilities, Release 4, for DOS in 1987, published by
Peter Norton.
Wcd has been ported to different command-line shells: DOS command.com, Windows cmd.exe and PowerShell, OS/2 cmd.exe, and Unix shells such
as Bourne (sh), Bourne Again (bash), Korn (ksh), Z (zsh), and C (csh) shell and others running on any operating system.
Wcd supports 8 bit character sets on all systems, and has optional support for Unicode. See section LOCALIZATION.
See section INSTALLATION how to setup wcd for personal use.
Basic use
By default (if no wildcards are used) wcd searches for a directory with a name that begins with the typed name.
For instance this command will change to directory to the current user's "/home/user/Desktop":
wcd Desk
When there are multiple matches, wcd will present the user a list of all matches. The user can then make a selection with a few keystrokes
(most of the times only one).
Wildcards
Wcd supports following wildcards:
* matches any sequence of characters (zero or more)
? matches any character
[SET] matches any character in the specified set,
[!SET] or [^SET] matches any character not in the specified set.
A set is composed of characters or ranges; a range looks like character hyphen character as in "0-9" or "A-Z". The "[0-9a-zA-Z_]" is the
minimal set of characters allowed in the "[..]" pattern construct. International characters (i.e. 8 bit characters) are allowed if the
system supports them. To suppress the special syntactic significance of any of "[]*?!^-" inside or outside a "[..]" construct and match
the character exactly, precede the character with a backslash ("") marker.
Using wildcards makes powerful searching possible. For instance this matched any directory name that ends with "top".
wcd *top
Match any directory that has contain "top" anywhere:
wcd *top*
Match any directory name that begins with "a", "b" or "c":
wcd [a-c]*
It is also possible to give a part of a directory path. Here Wcd searches for directory that begins with "Desk" and which path matches
*me/Desk*,
wcd me/Desk
It is allowed to type any kind of expression with slashes and wildcards. E.g.:
wcd src*/*1?/a*2
Other uses
If no wildcards are used and wcd finds a perfect match, wcd will ignore all wild matches by default. This behaviour can be changed with the
-w option.
The interactive directory tree browser can be started by using option -g.
wcd -g
Wcd generates a treedata file were it searches the directory. On Unix systems wcd does add links to the treedata files while scanning the
disk, but does not follow them. While following links wcd could end up scanning infinite loops, or scan very large portions of a network.
Wcd can also change to directories that are not in the treedata file. E.g.:
wcd ..
If wcd found a match but can't change to the directory it tries to remove it from the default treedata file. Not from the extra treedata
file. See also option -k.
Wcd keeps a directory stack which is stored on disk. The stack has a default size of 10 and is cyclic. See options -z, -, + and =.
In multi-user environments option -u can be used to change to directories of other users.
Interfaces
Wcd has three different interfaces to choose from a list of matches. The interface can be chosen at compile time.
The first interface uses plain stdin/stdout. A numbered list is printed in the terminal. The user has to choose from the list by typing a
number followed by <Enter>. This interface does not provide scroll back functionality in case of a long list. The scroll back capability of
the terminal/console has to be used. It is very small and portable.
The second interface is built with the conio library. It provides a builtin scroll back capability. The user is presented a list numbered
with letters. Choosing from a list can be done by pressing just one letter. This interface is fast because it saves keystrokes. If
possible the screen will be restored after exiting. One who prefers to type numbers can use the -N option.
The third interface is built with the curses library. It is similar to the conio interface. The curses version of wcd has also an
additional 'graphical' interface. It lets the user select a directory via a full screen interactive directory tree browser. It has a vim(1)
like navigation and search method. It can be activated with option -g.
By using the -o option one can always fall back to the stdin/stdout interface.
OPTIONS
-a Add current path to default treedata file.
Use this option to quickly add the current path to the default treedata file. Re-scanning the complete disk can take a long time in
some cases.
-aa Add current and all parent paths to default treedata.
-A PATH
Scan directory tree from PATH and append to the default treedata file. Examples:
wcd -A .
wcd -A /home -A /etc
See also option -S and -s and -E.
-b Ban current path.
Wcd places the current path in the ban file. This means that wcd ignores all matches of this directory and its sub directories.
The ban file can be edited with a text editor. Use of wildcards are supported and it is matched against absolute path.
Banned paths are not excluded from scanning the disk. To do that use option -xf.
-c Direct CD mode. By default wcd works as follows:
1. Try to find a match in the treedata file(s)
2. If no match, try to open the directory you typed.
In direct CD mode wcd works in reversed order.
1. Try to open the directory you typed.
2. If not, try to find a match in the treedata file(s).
-e Add current path to extra treedata file.
Use this option to quickly add the current path to the extra treedata file.
-ee Add current and all parent paths to extra treedata file.
-E PATH
Scan directory tree from PATH and append to Extra treedata file. See also options -A and -S.
-f FILE
Read treedata FILE. Do not read the default treedata file.
+f FILE
Read treedata FILE in addition to the default treedata file.
-g Graphical interface (only in version with curses interface).
Wcd starts a textual curses based 'graphical' interface. The user can select a directory via a full-screen interactive directory tree
browser. It has a vim(1) like navigation and search method.
If no search string is given wcd presents the whole tree which is in the default treedata file and the extra treedata files.
If a search string is given the match list is presented as a directory tree.
-ga Graphical interface with alternative way of navigating. With this option one can't jump to unrelated directories.
-gc Graphical interface with centered view. The selected directory stays in the middle of the screen. The centered mode can be switched on
and off with key 't'.
-gd Dump the treedata files as a tree to stdout.
-G PATH
Write go-script in directory PATH. For instance on Unix, "wcd -G PATH" will write a go-script PATH/wcd.go.
-GN Do not create go-script. This option can be used in combination with the option -j if one does not want wcd to create a go-script.
-h, --help
Print help and exit.
-i Ignore case.
+i Regard case. See also option -i.
-I Ignore diacritics for Latin-based scripts. Letters with diacritical marks match their base letter without diacritical mark. The
following Latin encodings are supported: CP437, CP850, CP852, CP1250, CP1252, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-2, and Unicode Latin-1, Latin
Extended-A, and Latin Extended-B. See also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic>
+I Regard diacritics (default). See also option -I.
-j Just go mode.
In this mode wcd will not present a list when there is more than one directory that matches the given directory. Wcd will just change
to the first option. When wcd is invoked again with the same arguments it will change to the next option, and so on.
Wcd will print the directory to go to to stdout. So a different installation method can be used. One could make the following function
for a POSIX compatible shell:
wcd ()
{
cd "$($HOME/bin/wcd.exe -j $@)"
}
When you are using an old shell that doesn't support "$()" command substitution you have to use old style command substitution with
backquotes.
wcd ()
{
cd "`$HOME/bin/wcd.exe -j $@`"
}
This method eliminates the need of the go-script, so one can use option -GN in combination with -j.
-k Keep paths.
Keep paths in treedata when wcd can't change to them. The default behaviour of wcd is that it tries to remove paths from the treedata
when wcd can't change to them. With this option this behaviour is turned off.
-K Use colors in graphical mode.
-l ALIAS
Name the current path with ALIAS. Wcd places the current path with alias ALIAS in the alias file. Aliases are case sensitive.
-m DIR
Make directory and add to treedata file.
-M DIR
Make directory and add to extra treedata file.
-n PATH
Read relative treedata file from PATH.
Do not read the default treedata file. The relative treedata file should already have been created using the wcd +S option. PATH may
also point to a file directly.
An example: Suppose another system has been mounted to mount point "/mnt/network":
wcd -n /mnt/network src
Wcd opens the relative treedata file in "/mnt/network/". The file contains the paths relative from that point.
+n PATH
Read relative treedata file in addition to the default treedata file. See option -n.
-N Use numbers instead of letters.
Wcd with a conio or curses based interface (see section INTERFACE) presents a match list default numbered with letters. When the -N
option is used the match list is numbered with numbers. Regardless of the -N option one can type a letter or numbers to make a
selection from the list of matches.
-o Use stdin/stdout interface.
When for some kind of reason the conio or curses interface of wcd does not work one can fall back to the stdin/stdout interface of wcd
by using the -o option.
-od Dump all matches to stdout.
-q Quieter operation. Printing of the final match is suppressed.
-r DIR
Remove directory and remove from treedata file.
If the directory is empty, wcd will remove it, and try to remove it from the treedata file.
-rmtree DIR
Recursively remove directory and remove from treedata file.
Wcd will remove the directory and all its sub directories and files, and remove the directories from the treedata file.
-s (re)Scan disk from $HOME directory. If HOME is not defined the disk is scanned from root directory /.
The existing default treedata file is overwritten.
The default scan directory can be overruled with environment variable "WCDSCAN". See section ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES.
-S PATH
Scan directory tree from PATH and overwrite the default treedata file. See also options -A, -s and -E. E.g. with option -A you can
create a default treedata file of your choice. Examples:
Unix:
wcd -S /
wcd -S /home -A /etc -A /usr
+S PATH
Scan disk from PATH and place relative paths in a relative treedata file. This file is used by the -n and +n options of wcd. E.g. "wcd
-n PATH +src",
-t Do not strip tmp mount dir "/tmp_mnt" (Unix only)
Wcd strips by default "/tmp_mnt/" from the match. Directory "/tmp_mnt" is used by the automounter. This behaviour can be turned off
with the -t option.
-T Draw tree with ASCII characters. Use this option if line drawing characters are not displayed properly in your terminal.
-u USER
Scan treedata file of another user based on USER, do not scan your own default treedata file. See also section ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
for WCDUSERSHOME.
On Unix/Cygwin the base directory for user home directories is assumed to be "/home". Wcd will look for "/home/USER/.treedata.wcd" and
"/home/USER/.wcd/.treedata.wcd", in that order, and read the first one that exists and is readable.
+u USER
Read default treedata file of USER in addition to your own treedata file.
-v, --verbose
Display verbose messages. With this option wcd prints all filters, bans and excludes.
-V, --version
Print version information and exit.
-w Wild matching only. Treat all matches as wild matches.
-x PATH
Exclude PATH from scanning.
When this option is used wcd will exclude PATH and all its subdirectories when wcd is scanning a disk. Wildcards are supported and
matched against absolute paths. Option -x can be used multiple times.
wcd -x <path1> -x <path2> -s
Option -x must be used in front of any scan option (-s, -S, +S, -A, -E).
-xf FILE
Exclude all paths listed in FILE from scanning.
When this option is used wcd will exclude all paths listed in FILE and all their subdirectories when wcd is scanning a disk. Wildcards
are supported and they are matched against absolute paths; one path per line. Be aware that wcd will not ignore leading or trailing
blanks on a line, because they are legal characters in a directory name. Option -xf can be used multiple times. When one wants to
exclude all banned paths from scanning one can do the following (example for wcd on 1):
wcd -xf ~/.ban.wcd -s
Wildcards are supported. For instance to exclude all your CVS directories with administrative files add a line with "*/CVS".
Option -xf must be used in front of any scan option (-s, -S, +S, -A, -E).
-z NUMBER
Set maximum stack size to NUMBER.
The default size of the stack is 10. Stack operation can be turned off by setting the size to 0. This option must be used in front of
any other stack operations (-,+,=). Otherwise the size of the stack will be set back to the default 10.
A correct command is:
wcd -z 50 -
The new stack size will be 50, wcd will go one directory back. A wrong command is:
wcd - -z 50
Wcd goes one directory back, the stack gets the default size 10. The -z 50 is ignored.
Add this option as the first option to your wcd alias or function. E.g. for the a POSIX compatible shell this would be:
wcd ()
{
wcd.exe -z 50 "$@"
. ${WCDHOME:-${HOME}}/bin/wcd.go
}
-[NUMBER]
Push dir NUMBER of times. Default is one.
Go back a directory. Command "wcd -" goes one directory back. To go more directories back add a number to it. E.g. command "wcd -3".
The stack is cyclic.
+[NUMBER]
Pop dir NUMBER of times. Default is one.
Go forward a directory. Command "wcd +" goes one directory forward. To go more directories forward add a number to it. E.g. command
"wcd +2". The stack is cyclic.
= Show stack.
Use this option if do not know anymore how many times to push or pop. The stack is printed and you can choose a number. The current
place in the stack is marked with an asterisk "*".
INSTALLATION
The current working directory of a Unix shell can only be changed by the builtin cd command. Therefore the program is always called by a
function or alias. The function or alias sources a shell script (go-script) which is generated by the wcd program. Wcd can only work after
the function or alias is defined.
Another important influence on your installation is the definition of environment variables HOME and WCDHOME. See section ENVIRONMENT
VARIABLES.
Install for POSIX type shells
For a POSIX shell (ksh, bash, zsh, etc.) on Unix, Linux, Cygwin, or native MSYS add the following function to the shell startup file (e.g.
Bash uses "$HOME/.bashrc"):
wcd ()
{
<PATH>/wcd.exe "$@"
. ${WCDHOME:-${HOME}}/bin/wcd.go
}
Replace <PATH> with the location where the wcd executable has been installed. Reload the shell initialization files or start new shell.
The location of the go-script "wcd.go" differs per shell.
See section FILES for more information.
Install for C-alike shells (csh, tcsh)
Add the following alias to the shell startup file "$HOME/.cshrc" or "$HOME/.tcshrc" :
if ( ${?WCDHOME} ) then
alias wcd "<PATH>/wcd.exe !* ; source $WCDHOME/bin/wcd.go"
else
alias wcd "<PATH>/wcd.exe !* ; source $HOME/bin/wcd.go"
endif
Replace <PATH> with the location where wcd executable have been installed. Reload the shell initialization files or start new shell.
LOCALIZATION
LANG
The primary language is selected with the environment variable LANG. The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first part is
in small letters the language code. The second is optional and is the country code in capital letters, preceded with an underscore.
There is also an optional third part: character encoding, preceded with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard type shells:
export LANG=nl Dutch
export LANG=nl_NL Dutch, The Netherlands
export LANG=nl_BE Dutch, Belgium
export LANG=es_ES Spanish, Spain
export LANG=es_MX Spanish, Mexico
export LANG=en_US.iso88591 English, USA, Latin-1 encoding
For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext manual:
http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Language-Codes
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Language-Codes> On Unix systems you can use to command locale(1) to get locale
specific information.
LANGUAGE
With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority list of languages, separated by colons. Wcd gives preference to
LANGUAGE over LANG. For instance, first Dutch and then German: "LANGUAGE=nl:de". You have to first enable localization, by setting LANG
or LC_ALL to a value other than "C", before you can use a language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the gettext
manual: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#The-LANGUAGE-variable
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#The-LANGUAGE-variable>
If you select a language which is not available you will get the standard English messages.
WCDLOCALEDIR
With the environment variable WCDLOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR used during compilation and installation of wcd can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is
used by wcd with native language support to find the language files. The GNU default value is /usr/local/share/locale. By typing "wcd
-V" wcd will print the LOCALEDIR that is used.
If you have installed wcd in a different directory than the default directory you may need to set the environment variable WCDLOCALEDIR
to point to the locale directory.
An example for a POSIX shell:
export WCDLOCALEDIR=$HOME/share/locale
LC_COLLATE
When there are multiple directory matches wcd presents a sorted list. The sorting depends on the locale settings. If the environment
LANG has been set the matches are sorted like dictionaries or phone books are sorted in that language. For instance dots and dashes are
ignored, or letters e with and without accent are equal, or upper and lower case is ignored.
The sorting gives preference to environment variable LC_COLLATE over LANG. If you make LC_COLLATE equal to "C" or "POSIX", locale
sorting is turned off. For instance if you want Dutch language, but not Dutch sorting, you can do something like this:
export LANG=nl_NL
export LC_COLLATE=C
LC_CTYPE
With regard to character encoding Wcd will give preference to variable LC_CTYPE over LANG. For instance to set character encoding to
UTF-8 the following environment setting can be done.
export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ALL
All locale environment variables that start with "LC_" are overruled by environment variable LC_ALL if it is defined. Wcd gives
preference to LC_ALL over LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE.
UNICODE
Wcd has optional support for Unicode. To see if wcd was built with Unicode support type "wcd -V". If your terminal/console and font
supports it, you should see the euro symbol and Chinese characters (meaning: "Chinese").
Wcd has been soft converted to Unicode. In its core wcd handles all data as a stream of bytes. Only the lines printed to screen are on the
fly converted to Unicode wide characters. Wcd fully relies on libc functions and has no UTF-8 specific code. See also
<http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html>
Wcd has optional support for Unicode matching with normalisation. To find out whether Wcd has normalisation support type "wcd -V". Wcd
with Unicode normalization support will match Unicode names based on compatible equivalence. Without Unicode normalization support, names
are matched when they are binary equivalent. See also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_normalization>
UTF-8 on Unix/Linux
In order to view UTF-8 characters your console/terminal also needs to support UTF-8. The xterm version that comes with XFree86 4.0 or
higher includes UTF-8 support. To activate it, start xterm(1) in a UTF-8 locale and use a font with iso10646-1 encoding, for instance with
LC_CTYPE=en_GB.UTF-8 xterm -u8 -fn '-Misc-Fixed-Medium-R-SemiCondensed--13-120-75-75-C-60-ISO10646-1'
Modern distributions of Linux support UTF-8 by default. Other multi-byte character encodings should also work, but that has not been
tested.
Wcd assumes that the treedata files are encoded in the locale character encoding. There are no Byte Order Marks written to treedata files.
UTF-8 on Cygwin
Cygwin supports Unicode since version 1.7. The Cygwin layer takes care that the Windows UTF-16 Unicode names are converted to UTF-8. So
programs, like wcd, do not need to be aware of this and can operate using UTF-8 encoding as on Unix/Linux. Set character encoding to UTF-8
with the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment variable. You may need to rescan your drives. You need to set the font to True Type Lucida Console
(not raster font) if you use the default Cygwin console.
The Cygwin version behaves exactly as the Unix version of wcd. There is no BOM written in the treedata files, and it is assumed they are
encoded in the Cygwin locale character encoding.
FILES
If the environment variable WCDHOME is set wcd will use WCDHOME instead of HOME. All "*.wcd" files are text files. They can be edited with
a text-editor.
wcd.exe
The program. In Unix shells the program is always called by a function or alias, because the current working directory of a Unix shell
can only be changed by the builtin cd command. See also section INSTALLATION.
default treedata file
This is the default treedata file where wcd searches for matches. If it is not readable wcd will create a new one.
Unix: $HOME/.treedata.wcd
extra treedata file
An optional extra treedata file. If it exists and is readable wcd will try to find matches in this file also.
Unix: $HOME/.extra.wcd
ban file
In this optional file wcd places banned paths. See option -b. Wildcards are supported.
Unix: $HOME/.ban.wcd
alias file
Optional file with wcd aliases. See option -l.
Unix: $HOME/.alias.wcd
stack file
In this file wcd stores its stack. The drive letter can be changed with the -d option.
Unix: $HOME/.stack.wcd
The name of the stack file can be changed with environment variable WCDSTACKFILE. See section ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES.
go-script
This is the shell script which wcd.exe creates each time. It is sourced via a function or an alias. The drive letter can be changed
with the -d option. For history reasons it is placed by default in "$HOME/bin" on Unix systems. The directory of this file can be
changed with the option -G.
Unix: $HOME/bin/wcd.go
relative treedata file
Text file with relative paths from DIR>. See options +S, -n and +n.
Unix: <path>/.rtdata.wcd
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
HOME
Wcd uses by default environment variable HOME to determine where to store its files. See also section FILES. This can be overruled
with environment variable WCDHOME.
HOME also defines where to start scanning the disk when option "-s" is used. This can be overruled with environment variable WCDSCAN.
WCDHOME
Environment variable WCDHOME can be used to change the location of wcd's files. If both HOME and WCDHOME are set, WCDHOME will be used
instead of HOME.
In wcd versions prior to 5.1.5 WCDHOME also changed the default scan directory. This has changed. Since version 5.1.5 WCDHOME does not
change the default scan directory. See option -s. From version 5.1.5, use environment WCDSCAN to overrule the default scan directory.
An example for POSIX type shells:
export WCDHOME="$HOME/.wcd"
An example for Csh type shells:
setenv WCDHOME "$HOME/.wcd"
WCDSCAN
Use environment variable WCDSCAN to overrule the default scan directory HOME. Define a colon separated list (Unix) to define more than
one directory.
An example for POSIX type shells:
export WCDSCAN="$HOME:/projectdisk/projectX"
An example for Csh type shells:
setenv WCDSCAN "$HOME:/projectdisk/projectX"
WCDFILTER
Specify filters with environment variable WCDFILTER. All directories that do not match the filter(s) are ignored. A list can be
specified by separating filters by the shell path separator. Similar as specifying the PATH variable. The case sensitivity is mandated
by the Operating system.
An example for POSIX type shells:
export WCDFILTER="projects:doc"
An example for Csh type shells:
setenv WCDFILTER "projects:doc"
WCDBAN
The paths specified with environment WCDBAN will be banned by wcd. See also option -b. Specify a list of paths separated by shell PATH
separator
WCDEXCLUDE
The paths specified with environment WCDEXCLUDE will be excluded by wcd. See also options -x and -xf. Specify a list of paths separated
by shell PATH separator
An example for POSIX type shells:
export WCDEXCLUDE="/dev:/tmp:*CVS"
An example for Csh type shells:
setenv WCDEXCLUDE "/dev:/tmp:*CVS"
WCDUSERSHOME
Set the base of user's home directories. On Unix/Cygwin the default value is "/home". This variable is used to scan treedata files of
other users. See also options -u an +u. In verbose mode wcd will print all filters, bans and excludes. See option -v.
WCDSTACKFILE
Wcd gives preference to WCDSTACKFILE over the default stack file name (see section FILES). With this variable each shell (or used
terminal emulator) can have its private stack of used directories.
To use a unique time based YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS file for each opened interactive shell.
export WCDSTACKFILE=$HOME/.wcd/stack.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
For a stack per xterm(1), use the xterm WINDOWID environment variable:
export WCDSTACKFILE=$HOME/.wcd/stack.$WINDOWID
For GNU screen(1), to use stack per screen:
export WCDSTACKFILE=$HOME/.wcd/stack.$WINDOW
TERMINFO
If the environment variable TERMINFO is defined, wcd with ncurses interface checks for a local terminal definition before checking in
the standard place. This is useful if terminal definitions are not on a standard place. Often used standard places are
"/usr/lib/terminfo" and "/usr/share/terminfo".
PDC_RESTORE_SCREEN
Wcd with PDCurses interface recognizes the environment variable PDC_RESTORE_SCREEN. If this environment variable is set, PDCurses will
take a copy of the contents of the screen at the time that wcd is started; when wcd exits, the screen will be restored.
SHELL
Printing of "#!$SHELL" on the first line of the go-script for POSIX type shell or C shell is needed for 8 bit characters. Some shells
otherwise think that the go-script is a binary file and will not source it. In Cygwin Bash the variable SHELL must be set in
environtment using the "export" command, otherwise wcd can't read the variable.
SEE ALSO
sh(1), bash(1), csh(1), ksh(1), zsh(1), locale(1), ncurses(1),
AUTHORS
Wcd was written by Erwin Waterlander <waterlan@xs4all.nl>
Project homepage: <http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/>
SourceForge: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/wcd/>
Freecode: <http://freecode.com/projects/wcd/>
The manual page formatting was provided by Jari Aalto <jari.aalto@cante.net>.
NCD was originally written by Brad Kingsbury for Peter Norton's "Norton Utilities" around 1987. See also
<http://www.softpanorama.org/OFM/norton_change_directory_clones.shtml>
wcd 2012-03-26 wcd(1)