12-26-2002
The size of the LWP pool has a critical impact on the performance of the many-to-many model: if the number of LWPs in the pool is nearly equal to the number of threads, the implementation will act much like the one-to-one model. Conversely, if there are very few LWPs in the pool, the implementation will act like the many-to-one model.
Of particular concern is the risk of deadlock with an excessively small pool: one thread may block on a resource in the kernel and go to sleep, and by so doing block the LWP needed to run the resource-holder. To solve this problem, the threads package makes a minimal guarantee to the threads programmer: progress will always be made. This is implemented through the use of the SIGWAITING signal. When the kernel realizes that all of a process's LWPs are blocked at the kernel level, it drops a SIGWAITING on the process. Upon receipt of the signal, the user-level threads package decides whether or not to create a new LWP, on the basis of the number of runnable threads. The SIGWAITING mechanism makes no guarantees about optimal use of LWPs on a multiprocessor. Specifically, a process may have many more runnable user-level threads than it has LWPs, but it does not receive a SIGWAITING until all LWPs are blocked. Thus, even if there are processors available and work to be done, the SIGWAITING mechanism does not guarantee that there is a sufficient number of LWPs to run the user threads on the available processors. If the programmer wishes to use unbound threads and take advantage of all available processors, he or she is required to advise the library on the number of LWPs required.
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LEARN ABOUT SUNOS
td_ta_get_nthreads
td_ta_get_nthreads(3C_DB) Threads Debugging Library Functions td_ta_get_nthreads(3C_DB)
NAME
td_ta_get_nthreads - gets the total number of threads in a process for libc_db
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag... ] file... -lc_db [ library... ]
#include <proc_service.h>
#include <thread_db.h>
td_err_e td_ta_get_nthreads(const td_thragent_t *ta_p, int *nthread_p);
DESCRIPTION
The td_ta_get_nthreads() function returns the total number of threads in process ta_p, including any system threads. System threads are
those created by libc or libc_db on its own behalf. The number of threads is written into *nthread_p.
RETURN VALUES
TD_OK The call completed successfully.
TD_BADTA An invalid internal process handle was passed in.
TD_BADPH There is a NULL external process handle associated with this internal process handle.
TD_DBERR A call to one of the imported interface routines failed.
TD_ERR The nthread_p argument was NULL, or a libc_db internal error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for description of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|MT-Level |Safe |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
libc_db(3LIB), attributes(5), threads(5)
SunOS 5.10 20 Oct 1998 td_ta_get_nthreads(3C_DB)