MKSWAP(8)						     Linux Programmer's Manual							 MKSWAP(8)

NAME

       mkswap - set up a Linux swap area

SYNOPSIS

       mkswap [-c] [-f] [-p PSZ] [-L label] [-U uuid] device [size]

DESCRIPTION

       mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.

       The  device argument will usually be a disk partition (something like /dev/sdb7) but can also be a file.  The Linux kernel does not look at
       partition Id's, but many installation scripts will assume that partitions of hex type 82 (LINUX_SWAP) are  meant  to  be  swap  partitions.
       (Warning: Solaris also uses this type. Be careful not to kill your Solaris partitions.)

       The  size  parameter is superfluous but retained for backwards compatibility.  (It specifies the desired size of the swap area in 1024-byte
       blocks.	mkswap will use the entire partition or file if it is omitted.	Specifying it is unwise - a typo may destroy your disk.)

       The PSZ parameter specifies the page size to use. It is almost always unnecessary (even unwise) to specify it, but certain  old	libc  ver-
       sions  lie  about the page size, so it is possible that mkswap gets it wrong. The symptom is that a subsequent swapon fails because no swap
       signature is found. Typical values for PSZ are 4096 or 8192.

       After creating the swap area, you need the swapon command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in /etc/fstab so that  they  can
       be taken into use at boot time by a swapon -a command in some boot script.

WARNING

       The  swap header does not touch the first block. A boot loader or disk label can be there, but it is not recommended setup. The recommended
       setup is to use a separate partition for a Linux swap area.

       mkswap like many others mkfs-like utils erases the first block to remove old on-disk filesystems.

       mkswap refuses to erase the first block on a device with a disk label (SUN, BSD, ...) or on whole disk (e.g. /dev/sda).

OPTIONS

       -c     Check the device (if it is a block device) for bad blocks before creating the swap area.	If any are found, the count is printed.

       -f     Force - go ahead even if the command is stupid.  This allows the creation of a swap area	larger	than  the  file  or  partition	it
	      resides on.

	      Without this option mkswap will refuse to erase the first block on a device with a partition table or on whole disk (e.g. /dec/sda).

       -p PSZ Specify the page size to use.

       -L label
	      Specify a label, to allow swapon by label.  (Only for new style swap areas.)

       -v0, -v1
	      Specify the swap space version. This option is deprecated and -v1 is supported only.

	      The kernel has not supported v0 swap space format since 2.5.22. The new version v1 is supported since 2.1.117.

       -U uuid
	      Specify the uuid to use. The default is to generate UUIDs.

NOTES

       The  maximum  useful  size  of a swap area depends on the architecture and the kernel version.  It is roughly 2GiB on i386, PPC, m68k, ARM,
       1GiB on sparc, 512MiB on mips, 128GiB on alpha and 3TiB on sparc64. For kernels after 2.3.3 there is no such limitation.

       Note that before 2.1.117 the kernel allocated one byte for each page, while it now allocates two bytes, so that taking a swap area of 2 GiB
       in use might require 2 MiB of kernel memory.

       Presently,  Linux  allows  32  swap  areas  (this  was 8 before Linux 2.4.10).  The areas in use can be seen in the file /proc/swaps (since
       2.1.25).

       mkswap refuses areas smaller than 10 pages.

       If you don't know the page size that your machine uses, you may be able to look it up with "cat /proc/cpuinfo" (or you may not -  the  con-
       tents of this file depend on architecture and kernel version).

       To setup a swap file, it is necessary to create that file before initializing it with mkswap, e.g. using a command like

	      # dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=65536

       Note that a swap file must not contain any holes (so, using cp(1) to create the file is not acceptable).

SEE ALSO

       fdisk(8), swapon(8)

AVAILABILITY

       The mkswap command is part of the util-linux-ng package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/.

Linux								   13 March 2009							 MKSWAP(8)