TOP(1)							      General Commands Manual							    TOP(1)

NAME

       top - display and update information about the top cpu processes

SYNOPSIS

       top [ -abCHIijnPqStuvz ] [ -dcount ] [ -mio|cpu ] [ -ofield ] [ -stime ] [ -Jjail ] [ -Uusername ] [ number ]

DESCRIPTION

       Top displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates this information.	If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see
       below) then as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed by default.  Otherwise, a good  number  of  them	are  shown
       (around	20).   Raw  cpu  percentage  is  used  to rank the processes.  If number is given, then the top number processes will be displayed
       instead of the default.

       Top makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities and those that do not.  This distinction affects the choice of
       defaults  for  certain options.	In the remainder of this document, an "intelligent" terminal is one that supports cursor addressing, clear
       screen, and clear to end of line.  Conversely, a "dumb" terminal is one that does not support such features.  If the output of top is redi-
       rected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb terminal.

OPTIONS

       -C     Toggle  CPU display mode.  By default top displays the weighted CPU percentage in the WCPU column (this is the same value that ps(1)
	      displays as CPU).  Each time -C flag is passed it toggles between "raw cpu" mode and "weighted cpu" mode, showing the "CPU"  or  the
	      "WCPU" column respectively.

       -S     Show  system  processes  in  the	display.  Normally, system processes such as the pager and the swapper are not shown.  This option
	      makes them visible.

       -a     Display command names derived from the argv[] vector, rather than real executable name. It's useful when you want to watch  applica-
	      tions, that puts their status information there. If the real name differs from argv[0], it will be displayed in parenthesis.

       -b     Use  "batch"  mode.   In	this mode, all input from the terminal is ignored.  Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^) still have an
	      effect.  This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal.

       -H     Display each thread for a multithreaded process individually.  By default a single summary line is displayed for each process.

       -i     Use "interactive" mode.  In this mode, any input is immediately read for processing.  See the section on "Interactive Mode"  for	an
	      explanation  of  which keys perform what functions.  After the command is processed, the screen will immediately be updated, even if
	      the command was not understood.  This mode is the default when standard output is an intelligent terminal.

       -I     Do not display idle processes.  By default, top displays both active and idle processes.

       -j     Display the jail(8) ID.

       -t     Do not display the top process.

       -mdisplay
	      Display either 'cpu' or 'io' statistics.	Default is 'cpu'.

       -n     Use "non-interactive" mode.  This is identical to "batch" mode.

       -P     Display per-cpu CPU usage statistics.

       -q     Renice top to -20 so that it will run faster.  This can be used when the system is being very sluggish to improve the possibility of
	      discovering the problem.	This option can only be used by root.

       -u     Do  not take the time to map uid numbers to usernames.  Normally, top will read as much of the file "/etc/passwd" as is necessary to
	      map all the user id numbers it encounters into login names.  This option disables all  that,  while  possibly  decreasing  execution
	      time.  The uid numbers are displayed instead of the names.

       -v     Write version number information to stderr then exit immediately.  No other processing takes place when this option is used.  To see
	      current revision information while top is running, use the help command "?".

       -z     Do not display the system idle process.

       -dcount
	      Show only count displays, then exit.  A display is considered to be one update of the screen.  This option allows the user to select
	      the  number  of  displays  he  wants  to see before top automatically exits.  For intelligent terminals, no upper limit is set.  The
	      default is 1 for dumb terminals.

       -stime Set the delay between screen updates to time seconds.  The default delay between updates is 2 seconds.

       -ofield
	      Sort the process display area on the specified field.  The field name is the name of the column as seen in the output, but in  lower
	      case.  Likely values are "cpu", "size", "res", and "time", but may vary on different operating systems.  Note that not all operating
	      systems support this option.

       -Jjail Show only those processes owned by jail.	This may be either the jid or name of the jail.  Use 0 to limit to host processes.   Using
	      this option implies the -j flag.

       -Uusername Show only those processes owned by username.	This option currently only accepts usernames and will not understand uid numbers.

       Both  count and number fields can be specified as "infinite", indicating that they can stretch as far as possible.  This is accomplished by
       using any proper prefix of the keywords "infinity", "maximum", or "all".  The default for count on an intelligent  terminal  is,  in  fact,
       infinity.

       The  environment  variable  TOP	is  examined  for  options  before the command line is scanned.  This enables a user to set his or her own
       defaults.  The number of processes to display can also be specified in the environment variable TOP.  The options -a, -C, -H, -I,  -j,  -P,
       -S,  -t,  -u,  and -z are actually toggles.  A second specification of any of these options will negate the first.  Thus a user who has the
       environment variable TOP set to "-I" may use the command "top -I" to see idle processes.

INTERACTIVE MODE

       When top is running in "interactive mode", it reads commands from the terminal and acts upon them accordingly.  In this mode, the  terminal
       is put in "CBREAK", so that a character will be processed as soon as it is typed.  Almost always, a key will be pressed when top is between
       displays; that is, while it is waiting for time seconds to elapse.  If this is the case, the command will be processed and the display will
       be  updated  immediately  thereafter  (reflecting  any  changes that the command may have specified).  This happens even if the command was
       incorrect.  If a key is pressed while top is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and then process the command.
       Some  commands  require	additional  information,  and the user will be prompted accordingly.  While typing this information in, the user's
       erase and kill keys (as set up by the command stty) are recognized, and a newline terminates the input.

       These commands are currently recognized (^L refers to control-L):

       ^L     Redraw the screen.

       h or ? Display a summary of the commands (help screen).	Version information is included in this display.

       q      Quit top.

       d      Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number).  Remember that the next display counts as one, so typing d1 will make
	      top show one final display and then immediately exit.

       m      Toggle the display between 'cpu' and 'io' modes.

       n or # Change the number of processes to display (prompt for new number).

       s      Change the number of seconds to delay between displays (prompt for new number).

       S      Toggle the display of system processes.

       a      Toggle the display of process titles.

       k      Send a signal ("kill" by default) to a list of processes.  This acts similarly to the command kill(1)).

       r      Change the priority (the "nice") of a list of processes.	This acts similarly to the command renice(8)).

       u      Display  only processes owned by a specific username (prompt for username).  If the username specified is simply "+", then processes
	      belonging to all users will be displayed.

       o      Change the order in which the display is sorted.	This command is not available on all systems.  The sort key names vary from system
	      to system but usually include:  "cpu", "res", "size", "time".  The default is cpu.

       e      Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last kill or renice command.

       H      Toggle the display of threads.

       i      (or I) Toggle the display of idle processes.

       j      Toggle the display of jail(8) ID.

       J      Display only processes owned by a specific jail (prompt for jail).  If the jail specified is simply "+", then processes belonging to
	      all jails and the host will be displayed.  This will also enable the display of JID.

       P      Toggle the display of per-CPU statistics.

       t      Toggle the display of the top process.

       z      Toggle the display of the system idle process.

THE DISPLAY

       The actual display varies depending on the specific variant of Unix that the machine is running.  This description may  not  exactly  match
       what is seen by top running on this particular machine.	Differences are listed at the end of this manual entry.

       The  top  few  lines  of  the  display  show general information about the state of the system, including the last process id assigned to a
       process (on most systems), the three load averages, the current time, the number of existing processes, the number  of  processes  in  each
       state (sleeping, running, starting, zombies, and stopped), and a percentage of time spent in each of the processor states (user, nice, sys-
       tem, and idle).	It also includes information about physical and virtual memory allocation.

       The remainder of the screen displays information about individual processes.  This display is similar in spirit to  ps(1)  but  it  is  not
       exactly	the same.  PID is the process id, JID, when displayed, is the jail(8) ID corresponding to the process, USERNAME is the name of the
       process's owner (if -u is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME), PRI is the current priority of the	process,  NICE	is
       the nice amount (in the range -20 to 20), SIZE is the total size of the process (text, data, and stack), RES is the current amount of resi-
       dent memory (both SIZE and RES are given in kilobytes), STATE is the current state (one of "START", "RUN" (shown as "CPUn" on SMP systems),
       "SLEEP", "STOP", "ZOMB", "WAIT", "LOCK" or the event on which the process waits), C is the processor number on which the process is execut-
       ing (visible only on SMP systems), TIME is the number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used, WCPU,  when  displayed,	is
       the  weighted cpu percentage (this is the same value that ps(1) displays as CPU), CPU is the raw percentage and is the field that is sorted
       to determine the order of the processes, and COMMAND is the name of the command that the process is currently running (if  the  process	is
       swapped out, this column is marked "<swapped>").

NOTES

       If a process is in the "SLEEP" or "LOCK" state, the state column will report the name of the event or lock on which the process is waiting.
       Lock names are prefixed with an asterisk "*" while sleep events are not.

AUTHOR

       William LeFebvre, EECS Department, Northwestern University

ENVIRONMENT

       TOP  user-configurable defaults for options.

FILES

       /dev/kmem      kernel memory
       /dev/mem       physical memory
       /etc/passwd	   used to map uid numbers to user names
       /boot/kernel/kernel system image

BUGS

       Don't shoot me, but the default for -I has changed once again.  So many people were confused by the fact that top wasn't showing  them  all
       the  processes  that  I have decided to make the default behavior show idle processes, just like it did in version 2.  But to appease folks
       who can't stand that behavior, I have added the ability to set "default" options in the environment variable TOP (see the OPTIONS section).
       Those who want the behavior that version 3.0 had need only set the environment variable TOP to "-I".

       The command name for swapped processes should be tracked down, but this would make the program run slower.

       As  with ps(1), things can change while top is collecting information for an update.  The picture it gives is only a close approximation to
       reality.

SEE ALSO

       kill(1), ps(1), stty(1), mem(4), renice(8)

FreeBSD NOTES
DESCRIPTION OF MEMORY

       Mem: 9220K Active, 1M Inact, 3284K Wired, 1M Cache, 2M Buf, 1320K Free ARC: 2048K Total, 342K MRU, 760K MFU, 272K Anon, 232K  Header,  442K
       Other Swap: 91M Total, 79M Free, 13% Inuse, 80K In, 104K Out

       K:     Kilobyte

       M:     Megabyte

       G:     Gigabyte

       %:     1/100

   Physical Memory Stats
       Active:
	      number of bytes active

       Inact: number of bytes inactive

       Wired: number of bytes wired down, including BIO-level cached file data pages

       Cache: number of clean bytes caching data that are available for immediate reallocation

       Buf:   number of bytes used for BIO-level disk caching

       Free:  number of bytes free

   ZFS ARC Stats
       These stats are only displayed when the ARC is in use.

       Total: number of wired bytes used for the ZFS ARC

       MRU:   number of ARC bytes holding most recently used data

       MFU:   number of ARC bytes holding most frequently used data

       Anon:  number of ARC bytes holding in flight data

       Header:
	      number of ARC bytes holding headers

       Other  miscellaneous ARC bytes

   Swap Stats
       Total: total available swap usage

       Free:  total free swap usage

       Inuse: swap usage

       In:    bytes paged in from swap devices (last interval)

       Out:   bytes paged out to swap devices (last interval)

4th Berkeley Distribution					       Local								    TOP(1)