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Special Forums IP Networking New network bandwidth requirements Post 302824179 by DGPickett on Thursday 20th of June 2013 10:01:33 AM
Old 06-20-2013
Parkinson's law: need expands to consume excess resources.

Companies like Akamai make a good living ensuring your static web hits are filled from relatively local cache servers.

Good architectural design has to deal with:
  • having a soft saturation, so throughput goes up to saturation and then excess load is shedded in a least-lost-value basis, like newest clients lower in priority than older clients (deeper into transaction process).
  • avoiding negative saturation behaviors like overloaded Ethernet, which actually slows down due to collisions creating lost time on wire. Positive saturation behavior means the higher the overload, the more efficient the process. Requests can be sorted to they have higher locality of reference. Sometimes, requests for the same file can be mbone multicast as one. Sorting by disk position means shorter seeks.
  • flow control mechanisms allow services beyond capacity to be queued for eventual fulfillment, but service cancellation is quickly forearded to the server. The bad behaviors are thing like sending service requests every n seconds until a reply is received, consuming precious bandwidth and cluttering the server with cancelled, redundant, prior requests. Some routers can stifle keep-alive traffic, say from tcp connections of queued services, so they do not drag down net speed.
 

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MAP-MBONE(8)						      System Manager's Manual						      MAP-MBONE(8)

NAME
map-mbone - Multicast connection mapper SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/map-mbone [ -d debug_level ] [ -f ] [ -g ] [ -n ] [ -r retry_count ] [ -t timeout_count ] [ starting_router ] DESCRIPTION
map-mbone attempts to display all multicast routers that are reachable from the multicast starting_router. If not specified on the command line, the default multicast starting_router is the localhost. map-mbone traverses neighboring multicast routers by sending the ASK_NEIGHBORS IGMP message to the multicast starting_router. If this mul- ticast router responds, the version number and a list of their neighboring multicast router addresses is part of that response. If the responding router has recent multicast version number, then map-mbone requests additional information such as metrics, thresholds, and flags from the multicast router. For each new occurrence of neighboring multicast router in the reply and provided the flooding option has been selected, then map-mbone asks each of this multicast router for a list of neighbors. This search for unique routers will continue until no new neighboring multicast routers are reported. INVOCATION
"-d" option sets the debug level. When the debug level is greater than the default value of 0, addition debugging messages are printed. Regardless of the debug level, an error condition, will always write an error message and will cause map-mbone to terminate. Non-zero debug levels have the following effects: level 1 packet warnings are printed to stderr. level 2 all level 1 messages plus notifications down networks are printed to stderr. level 3 all level 2 messages plus notifications of all packet timeouts are printed to stderr. "-f" option sets flooding option. Flooding allows the recursive search of neighboring multicast routers and is enable by default when starting_router is not used. "-g" option sets graphing in GraphEd format. "-n" option disables the DNS lookup for the multicast routers names. "-r retry_count" sets the neighbor query retry limit. Default is 1 retry. "-t timeout_count" sets the number of seconds to wait for a neighbor query reply before retrying. Default timeout is 2 seconds. IMPORTANT NOTE
map-mbone must be run as root. SEE ALSO
mrouted(8), mrinfo(8), mtrace(8) AUTHOR
Pavel Curtis 4.2 Berkeley Distribution MAP-MBONE(8)
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