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Homework and Emergencies Homework & Coursework Questions What is the difference between a Host and an End System? Post 302508162 by Perderabo on Saturday 26th of March 2011 08:53:06 AM
Old 03-26-2011
In the old days, we only used the term "host" and it basically meant a computer connected to a network. Host is the term used in official TCP/IP documents. Before DNS we had a hosts file to list the hosts. In TCP/IP language, a "host" just sends and receives IP based packets. A "router" has multiple network connections and may forward TCP/IP from one connection to another. The TCP/IP documents list requirements for hosts and requirements for routers. One machine could be both a router and host and would need to fufill the requirements for both. So far this is the official TCP/IP documentation.

But here in the 21st century, things have evolved beyond what we envisioned when the Internet was first designed. My television has an IP address and is on the Internet. Ditto for my Blu-Ray player. People balk at calling a TV a "host". So the term End-System was devised. I believe that people who use the term End-System believe that "hosts" are a subset of "end-systems" and "hosts" mean traditional computers.

But I'm not competely sure I have it right. I'm old-school and I don't use "End System". It doesn't bother me to call my TV a host.
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net_adm(3erl)						     Erlang Module Definition						     net_adm(3erl)

NAME
net_adm - Various Erlang Net Administration Routines DESCRIPTION
This module contains various network utility functions. EXPORTS
dns_hostname(Host) -> {ok, Name} | {error, Host} Types Host = atom() | string() Name = string() Returns the official name of Host , or {error, Host} if no such name is found. See also inet(3erl) . host_file() -> Hosts | {error, Reason} Types Hosts = [Host] Host = atom() Reason = term() Reads the .hosts.erlang file, see the section Files below. Returns the hosts in this file as a list, or returns {error, Reason} if the file could not be read. See file(3erl) for possible values of Reason . localhost() -> Name Types Name = string() Returns the name of the local host. If Erlang was started with the -name command line flag, Name is the fully qualified name. names() -> {ok, [{Name, Port}]} | {error, Reason} names(Host) -> {ok, [{Name, Port}]} | {error, Reason} Types Name = string() Port = int() Reason = address | term() Similar to epmd -names , see epmd(1) . Host defaults to the local host. Returns the names and associated port numbers of the Erlang nodes that epmd at the specified host has registered. Returns {error, address} if epmd is not running. See inet(3erl) for other possible values of Reason . (arne@dunn)1> net_adm:names(). {ok,[{"arne",40262}]} ping(Node) -> pong | pang Types Node = node() Tries to set up a connection to Node . Returns pang if it fails, or pong if it is successful. world() -> [node()] world(Arg) -> [node()] Types Arg = silent | verbose This function calls names(Host) for all hosts which are specified in the Erlang host file .hosts.erlang , collects the replies and then evaluates ping(Node) on all those nodes. Returns the list of all nodes that were, successfully pinged. Arg defaults to silent . If Arg == verbose , the function writes information about which nodes it is pinging to stdout. This function can be useful when a node is started, and the names of the other nodes in the network are not initially known. Failure: {error, Reason} if host_file() returns {error, Reason} . world_list(Hosts) -> [node()] world_list(Hosts, Arg) -> [node()] Types Hosts = [Host] Host = atom() Arg = silent | verbose As world/0,1 , but the hosts are given as argument instead of being read from .hosts.erlang . FILES
The .hosts.erlang file consists of a number of host names written as Erlang terms. It is looked for in the current work directory, the user's home directory, and $OTP_ROOT (the root directory of Erlang/OTP), in that order. The format of the .hosts.erlang file must be one host name per line. The host names must be within quotes as shown in the following exam- ple: ^ (new line) Ericsson AB kernel 2.14.3 net_adm(3erl)
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