03-26-2011
In the old days, we only used the term "host" and it basically meant a computer connected to a network. Host is the term used in official TCP/IP documents. Before DNS we had a hosts file to list the hosts. In TCP/IP language, a "host" just sends and receives IP based packets. A "router" has multiple network connections and may forward TCP/IP from one connection to another. The TCP/IP documents list requirements for hosts and requirements for routers. One machine could be both a router and host and would need to fufill the requirements for both. So far this is the official TCP/IP documentation.
But here in the 21st century, things have evolved beyond what we envisioned when the Internet was first designed. My television has an IP address and is on the Internet. Ditto for my Blu-Ray player. People balk at calling a TV a "host". So the term End-System was devised. I believe that people who use the term End-System believe that "hosts" are a subset of "end-systems" and "hosts" mean traditional computers.
But I'm not competely sure I have it right. I'm old-school and I don't use "End System". It doesn't bother me to call my TV a host.
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HOSTS(5) File Formats Manual HOSTS(5)
NAME
hosts - host name data base
DESCRIPTION
The hosts file contains information regarding the known hosts on the network. For each host a single line should be present with the fol-
lowing information:
official host name
Internet address
aliases
Items are separated by any number of blanks and/or tab characters. A ``#'' indicates the beginning of a comment; characters up to the end
of the line are not interpreted by routines which search the file.
When using the name server named(8), this file provides a backup when the name server is not running. For the name server, it is suggested
that only a few addresses be included in this file. These include address for the local interfaces that ifconfig(8C) needs at boot time
and a few machines on the local network.
This file may be created from the official host data base maintained at the Network Information Control Center (NIC), though local changes
may be required to bring it up to date regarding unofficial aliases and/or unknown hosts. As the data base maintained at NIC is incom-
plete, use of the name server is recommend for sites on the DARPA Internet.
Network addresses are specified in the conventional ``.'' notation using the inet_addr() routine from the Internet address manipulation
library, inet(3N). Host names may contain any printable character other than a field delimiter, newline, or comment character.
FILES
/etc/hosts
SEE ALSO
gethostbyname(3N), ifconfig(8C), named(8)
Name Server Operations Guide for BIND
4.2 Berkeley Distribution May 14, 1986 HOSTS(5)