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Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting bash shell: 'exec', 'eval', 'source' - looking for help to understand Post 302169844 by jim mcnamara on Friday 22nd of February 2008 02:20:38 PM
Old 02-22-2008
eval "translates" a value buried inside a variable, and then runs the command that was buried in there
Code:
for i in 1 2 3
do
   eval myvar="$i"
   echo "$myvar"
done
# this gives 
1
2
3
# why? because there is no metavalue or special meaning to 1 or 2 or 3

Code:
for i in ls df
do
    eval myvar="$i"
    echo "$myvar"
done
# here you get output from the ls command and the df command

exec starts another process - BUT - it exits the current process when you do this kind of thing

Code:
#!/bin/bash

exec echo "leaving this script forever  $0"   # Exit from script here.

# ----------------------------------
# The following line never happens

echo "This echo will never echo."

source

When you run a command in the shell - like another script or a command like ls -
the shell creates a subprocess (called child process). Any environment variable that got defined or changed down in the child is LOST FOREVER to the parent process.

However if you source a script (there are two ways) you force the script to run in the current process. That means environment variables in the script you ran are NOT LOST.

Code:
# script1
MYVAR="HI there!"
# end script1

Code:
# script2
# first, run script 1
script1
# now is the MYVAR variable set?  No -why? it got set in the child, when the child exited it GOT LOST
echo "MYVAR= $MYVAR"
# now source script1 :: putting a lonesome dot or the command  "source" 
#  in front of the script name have the same effect
. script1
#  . script1 == source script1  these two are the SAME THING
source script1
# now is the MYVAR variable set?  This time we see that MYVAR has a value
echo "MYVAR= $MYVAR"

This User Gave Thanks to jim mcnamara For This Post:
 

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EVAL(3) 								 1								   EVAL(3)

eval - Evaluate a string as PHP code

SYNOPSIS
mixed eval (string $code) DESCRIPTION
Evaluates the given $code as PHP. Caution The eval(3) language construct is very dangerous because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. Its use thus is discouraged. If you have carefully verified that there is no other option than to use this construct, pay special attention not to pass any user provided data into it without properly validating it beforehand. PARAMETERS
o $code - Valid PHP code to be evaluated. The code mustn't be wrapped in opening and closing PHP tags, i.e. 'echo "Hi!";' must be passed instead of '<? echo "Hi!"; >'. It is still possible to leave and reenter PHP mode though using the appropriate PHP tags, e.g. 'echo "In PHP mode!"; ?>In HTML mode!<? echo "Back in PHP mode!";'. Apart from that the passed code must be valid PHP. This includes that all statements must be properly terminated using a semicolon. 'echo "Hi!"' for example will cause a parse error, whereas 'echo "Hi!";' will work. A return statement will immediately terminate the evaluation of the code. The code will be exe- cuted in the scope of the code calling eval(3). Thus any variables defined or changed in the eval(3) call will remain visible after it terminates. RETURN VALUES
eval(3) returns NULL unless return is called in the evaluated code, in which case the value passed to return is returned. If there is a parse error in the evaluated code, eval(3) returns FALSE and execution of the following code continues normally. It is not possible to catch a parse error in eval(3) using set_error_handler(3). EXAMPLES
Example #1 eval(3) example - simple text merge <?php $string = 'cup'; $name = 'coffee'; $str = 'This is a $string with my $name in it.'; echo $str. " "; eval("$str = "$str";"); echo $str. " "; ?> The above example will output: This is a $string with my $name in it. This is a cup with my coffee in it. NOTES
Note Because this is a language construct and not a function, it cannot be called using variable functions. Tip As with anything that outputs its result directly to the browser, the output-control functions can be used to capture the output of this function, and save it in a string (for example). Note In case of a fatal error in the evaluated code, the whole script exits. SEE ALSO
call_user_func(3). PHP Documentation Group EVAL(3)
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