lucreate(1M) lucreate(1M)
NAME
lucreate - create a new boot environment
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/lucreate [-A BE_description] [-c BE_name] [-C ( boot_device | - )] -n BE_name [-f exclude_list_file] [-I] [-l error_log] [-o out-
file] [-s ( - | source_BE_name )] [ [-M slice_list_file [-M...]] [-m mount_point:device [,volume]:fs_options [-m...]]] [-x exclude [-x...]]
[-X] [-y include [-y...]] [-Y include_list_file] [-z filter_list]
The lucreate command is part of a suite of commands that make up the Live Upgrade feature of the Solaris operating environment. See
live_upgrade(5) for a description of the Live Upgrade feature and its associated terminology.
The lucreate command offers a set of command line options that enable you to perform the following functions:
o Create a new boot environment (BE), based on the current BE.
o Create a new BE, based on a BE other than the current BE.
o Join or separate the file systems of a BE onto a new BE. For example, join /var and /opt under /, or separate these directories to be
mounted under different disk slices.
o Create the file systems for a BE, but leave those file systems unpopulated.
You can perform the preceding functions using only lucreate command-line options or you can omit the -m and -M options (described below),
which automatically invokes an FMLI-based interface that provides curses-based screens for Live Upgrade administration. Note that the
FMLI-based interface does not support all of the Live Upgrade features supported by lucreate. Also, Sun is not committed to ongoing devel-
opment of the FMLI-based interface.
The creation of a BE includes selecting the disk or device slices for all the mount points of the BE. Slices can be physical disks or logi-
cal devices, such as Solaris Volume Manager volumes. You can also change the mount points of the BE using the SPLIT and MERGE functions of
the FMLI-based configuration screen.
Upon successful creation of a BE, you can use lustatus(1M) to view the state of that BE and lufslist(1M) to view the BE's file systems. You
can use luupgrade(1M) to upgrade the OS on that BE and luactivate(1M) to make a BE active, that is, designate it as the BE to boot from at
the next reboot of the system.
Note - Before booting a new BE, you must run luactivate to specify that BE as active. luactivate performs a number of tasks that ensure
correct operation of the BE. In some cases, a BE is not bootable until after you have run the command. See luactivate(1M) for a
list of the operations performed by that command.
The lucreate command makes a distinction between the file systems that contain the OS--/, /usr, /var, and /opt--and those that do not, such
as /export, /home, and other, user-defined file systems. The file systems in the first category cannot be shared between the source BE and
the BE being created; they are always copied from the source BE to the target BE. By contrast, the user-defined file systems are shared by
default. For Live Upgrade purposes, the file systems that contain the OS are referred to as non-shareable (or critical) file systems; other
file systems are referred to as shareable. A non-shareable file system listed in the source BE's vfstab is copied to a new BE. For a share-
able file system, if you specify a destination slice, the file system is copied. If you do not, the file system is shared.
The lucreate command supports a limited subset of Solaris Volume Manager functions. In particular, using lucreate with the -m option, you
can:
o Create a mirror.
o Detach existing SVM concatenations from mirrors. Similarly, you can attach existing Solaris Volume Manager concatenations to mirrors.
These can be mirrors that were created in Solaris Volume Manager or those created by lucreate.
o Create a single-slice concatenation and attach a single disk slice to it.
o Detach a single disk slice from a single-slice concatentation.
o
Attach multiple single-slice concatenations to a mirror. lucreate can attach as many of these concatenations as are allowed by Solaris
Volume Manager.
lucreate does not allow you to attach multiple disk slices or multiple storage devices to a concatenation. Similarly, it does not allow you
to detach multiple slices or devices from a concatenation.
If you use Solaris Volume Manager volumes for boot environments, it is recommended that you use lucreate rather than Solaris Volume Manager
commands to manipulate these volumes. The Solaris Volume Manager software has no knowledge of boot environments, whereas the lucreate com-
mand contains checks that prevent you from inadvertently destroying a boot environment by, for example, overwriting or deleting a Solaris
Volume Manager volume.
If you have already used Solaris Volume Manager software to create complex Solaris Volume Manager volumes (for example, RAID-5 volumes),
Live Upgrade will support the use of these. However, to create and manipulate these complex objects, you must use Solaris Volume Manager
software. As described above, the use of Solaris Volume Manager software, rather than the lucreate command, entails the risk of destroying
a boot environment. If you do use Solaris Volume Manager software, use lufslist(1M) to determine which devices are in use for boot environ-
ments.
Except for a special use of the -s option, described below, you must have a source BE for the creation of a new BE. By default, it is the
current BE. You can use the -s option to specify a BE other than the current BE.
When creating a new BE, lucreate enables you to exclude and include certain files from the source BE. You perform this inclusion or exclu-
sion with the -f, -x, -y, -Y, and -z options, described below. See the subsection on combining these options, following , below.
By default, all swap partitions on a source BE are shared between the source and target BE. You can use the -m option (see below) to spec-
ify an additional or new set of swap partitions on a source BE for sharing with a target BE.
The lucreate command allows you to assign a description to a BE. A description is an optional attribute of a BE that can be of any format
or length. It might be, for example, a text string or binary data. After you create a BE, you can change a BE description with the
ludesc(1M) utility.
The lucreate command requires root privileges.
The lucreate command has the options listed below. Note that a BE name must not exceed 30 characters in length and must consist only of
alphanumeric characters and other ASCII characters that are not special to the Unix shell. See the "Quoting" section of sh(1). The BE name
can contain only single-byte, 8-bit characters; it cannot contain whitespace characters.
Omission of -m or -M options (described below) in an lucreate command line invokes the FMLI-based interface, which allows you to select
disk or device slices for a BE.
-A BE_description
Assigns the BE_description to a BE. BE_description can be a text string or other characters that can be entered on a Unix command line.
See ludesc(1M) for additional information on BE descriptions.
-c BE_name
Assigns the name BE_name to the current BE. This option is not required and can be used only when the first BE is created. For the
first time you run lucreate, if you omit -c, lucreate supplies a default name according to the following rules:
1. If the physical boot device can be determined, the base name of that device is used to name the new boot environment. For exam-
ple, if the physical boot device is /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0, lucreate names the new boot environment c0t0d0s0.
2. If the physical boot device cannot be determined, the operating system name (from uname -s) and operating system release level
(from uname -r) are combined to produce the name of the new boot environment. For example, if uname -s returns SunOS and uname
-r returns 5.9, then lucreate assigns the name SunOS5.9 to the new boot environment.
3. If lucreate can determine neither boot device nor operating system name, it assigns the name current to the new boot environ-
ment.
If you use the -c option after the first boot environment is created, the option is ignored if the name specified is the same as the
current boot environment name. If the name is different, lucreate displays an error message and exits.
-C (boot_device | -)
Provided for occasions when lucreate cannot figure out which physical storage device is your boot device. This might occur, for exam-
ple, when you have a mirrored root device on the source BE on an machine. The -C specifies the physical boot device from which the
source BE is booted. Without this option, lucreate attempts to determine the physical device from which a BE boots. If the device on
which the root file system is located is not a physical disk (for example, if root is on a Solaris Volume Manager volume) and lucreate
is able to make a reasonable guess as to the physical device, you receive the query:
Is the physical device devname the boot device for
the logical device devname?
If you respond y, the command proceeds.
If you specify -C boot_device, lucreate skips the search for a physical device and uses the device you specify. The - (hyphen) with the
-C option tells lucreate to proceed with whatever it determines is the boot device. If the command cannot find the device, you are
prompted to enter it.
If you omit -C or specify -C boot_device and lucreate cannot find a boot device, you receive an error message.
Use of the -C - form is a safe choice, because lucreate either finds the correct boot device or gives you the opportunity to specify
that device in response to a subsequent query.
-f exclude_list_file
Use the contents of exclude_list_file to exclude specific files (including directories) from the newly created BE. exclude_list_file
contains a list of files and directories, one per line. If a line item is a file, only that file is excluded; if a directory, that
directory and all files beneath that directory, including subdirectories, are excluded.
-I
Ignore integrity check. Prior to creating a new BE, lucreate performs an integrity check, to prevent you from excluding important sys-
tem files from the BE. Use this option to override this integrity check. The trade-off in use of this option is faster BE creation
(with -I) versus the risk of a BE that does not function as you expect.
-l error_log
Error messages and other status messages are sent to error_log, in addition to where they are sent in your current environment.
-m mount_point:device[,volume]:fs_option
[-m mount_point:device:fs_option] ...
Specifies the vfstab(4) information for the new BE. The file systems specified as arguments to -m can be on the same disk or can be
spread across multiple disks.
mount_point can be any valid mount point or - (hyphen), indicating a swap partition. The device field can be one of the following:
o The name of a disk slice, of the form /dev/dsk/cnumtnumdnumsnum.
o
The name of a Solaris Volume Manager volume, of the form /dev/md/dsk/dnum.
o The name of a Veritas filesystem, of the form /dev/md/vxfs/dnum.
o The keyword merged, indicating that the file system at the specified mount point is to be merged with its parent.
o The keyword shared, indicating that all of the swap partitions in the source BE are to be shared with the new BE.
You can abbreviate the names of physical disk devices and Solaris Volume Manager volumes to the shortest name that uniquely identifies
a device. For example, if a machine has only one disk controller and one disk drive, for the device /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0, you can omit the
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0 and use the name s0. If a machine has a single controller and multiple disks, you might use t0d0s0; with multiple con-
trollers, c0t0d0s0. A Solaris Volume Manager volume can be identified by its dnum designation, so that, for example, /dev/md/dsk/d10
becomes simply d10.
The -m option enables you to attach a physical disk device to a Solaris Volume Manager single-slice concatenation or attach a Solaris
Volume Manager volume to a mirror. Both operations are accomplished with the attach keyword, described below. With this option, you
have the choice of specifying a concatentation or mirror or allowing lucreate to select one for you. To specify a concatenation or mir-
ror, append a comma and the name of the Solaris Volume Manager logical device to the device name to which the logical device is being
attached. If you omit this specification, lucreate selects a concatenation or mirror from a list of free devices. See .
The fs_option field can be one or more of the keywords listed below. The first two keywords specify types of file systems. The remain-
ing keywords specify actions to be taken on a file system. When you specify multiple keywords, separate these with a comma.
ufs
Create the file system as a UFS volume.
vxfs
Create the file system as a Veritas device.
preserve
Preserve the file system contents of the specified physical storage device. Use of this keyword presumes that the device's file
system and its contents are appropriate for the specified mount point. For a given mount point, you can use preserve with only one
device. This keyword enables you to bypass the default steps of creating a new file system on the specified storage device, then
copying the file system contents from the source BE to the specified device. When you use preserve, lucreate checks that the stor-
age device's contents is suitable for a specified file system. This check is limited and cannot guarantee suitability.
mirror
Create a mirror on the specified storage device. The specified storage device must be a correctly named (for example,
/dev/md/dsk/d10 or d10) logical device that can serve as a mirror. In subsequent -m options, you must specify attach (see below) to
attach at least one physical device to the new mirror.
attach
Attach a physical storage device, contained by a volume, to the mirror or single-slice concatenation associated with a specified
mount point. When using attach, if you want to attach a disk to a specific mirror or concatenation, you append a comma and the name
of that logical device to the device name. If you omit the comma and the concatentation name, lucreate selects a free mirror or
single-slice concatenation as the container volume for the storage device. See .
lucreate allows you to create only concatenations that contain a single physical drive and allows you to attach up to four such
concatenations to a mirror.
detach
Detach a physical storage device from the mirror or concatenation associated with a specified mount point.
At minimum, you must specify one disk or device slice, for root. You can do this with -m, -M (described below), or in the FMLI-based
interface. You must specify an -m argument for each file system you want to create on a new BE. For example, if you have three file
systems on a source BE (say, /, /usr, and /var) and want these three entities as separate file systems on a new BE, you must specify
three -m arguments. If you were to specify only one, in our example, /, /usr, and /var would be merged on the new BE into a single file
system, under /.
When using the -m option to specify swap partition(s), you can designate device(s) currently used for swap on any BE and any unused
devices. Regarding swap assignments, you have the following choices:
o Omit any specification of swap devices, in which case all swap devices associated with the source BE will be used by the new BE.
o Specify one or more swap devices, in which case the new BE will use only the specified swap devices and not automatically share
the swap devices associated with the source BE.
o Specify one or more swap devices and use the syntax -m -:shared:swap, in which case the new BE will use the specified swap devices
and will share swap devices with the source BE.
See , below.
-M slice_list
List of -m options, collected in the file slice_list. Specify these arguments in the format specified for -m. Comment lines, beginning
with a hash mark (#), are ignored. The -M option is useful where you have a long list of file systems for a BE. Note that you can com-
bine -m and -M options. For example, you can store swap partitions in slice_list and specify / and /usr slices with -m.
The -m and -M options support the listing of multiple slices for a given mount point. In processing these slices, lucreate skips any
unavailable slices and selects the first available slice. See .
-n BE_name
The name of the BE to be created. BE_name must be unique on a given system.
-o outfile
All command output is sent to outfile, in addition to where it is sent in your current environment.
-s (- | BE_name)
Source for the creation of the new BE. This option enables you to use a BE other than the current BE as the source for creation of a
new BE.
If you specify a hyphen (-) as an argument to -s, lucreate creates the new BE, but does not populate it. This variation of the -s
option is intended for the subsequent installation of a flash archive on the unpopulated BE using luupgrade(1M). See flar(1M).
-x exclude
Exclude the file or directory exclude from the newly created BE. If exclude is a directory, lucreate excludes that directory and all
files beneath that directory, including subdirectories.
-X
Enable XML output. Characteristics of XML are defined in DTD, in /usr/share/lib/xml/dtd/lu_cli.dtd.<num>, where <num> is the version
number of the DTD file.
-y include
Include the file or directory include in the newly created BE. If include is a directory, lucreate includes that directory and all
files beneath that directory, including subdirectories.
-Y include_list_file
Use the contents of include_list_file to include specific files (including directories) from the newly created BE. include_list_file
contains a list of files and directories, one per line. If a line item is a file, only that file is included; if a directory, that
directory and all files beneath that directory, including subdirectories, are included.
-z filter_list_file
filter_list_file contains a list of items, files and directories, one per line. Each item is preceded by either a +, indicating the
item is to be included in the new BE, or -, indicating the item is to be excluded from the new BE.
Combining File Inclusion and Exclusion Options
The lucreate command allows you to include or exclude specific files and directories when creating a new BE. You can include files and
directories with:
o the -y include option
o the -Y include_list_file option
o items with a leading + in the file used with the -z filter_list option
You can exclude files and directories with:
o the -x exclude option
o the -f exclude_list_file option
o items with a leading - in the file used with the -z filter_list option
If the parent directory of an excluded item is included with include options (for example, -y include), then only the specific file or
directory specified by exclude is excluded. Conversely, if the parent directory of an included file is specified for exclusion, then only
the file include is included. For example, if you specify:
-x /a -y /a/b
all of /a except for /a/b is excluded. If you specify:
-y /a -x /a/b
all of /a except for /a/b is included.
The lucreate command produces copious output. In the following examples, this output is not reproduced, except where it is needed for clar-
ity.
Example 1: Creating a New Boot Environment for the First Time
The following command sequence creates a new boot environment on a machine on which a BE has never been created. All non-shareable (criti-
cal) file systems are mounted under /.
# lucreate -c first_disk -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
The following command, like the preceding, creates a new boot environment on a machine on which a BE has never been created. However, the
following command differs in two respects: the -c option is omitted and the /usr file system is mounted on its own disk slice, separate
from /.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-n second_disk
lucreate: Please wait while your system configuration is determined.
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment c0t4d0s0 successful.
In the absence of the -c option, lucreate assigns the name c0t4d0s0, the base name of the root device, to the new boot environment.
The same command is entered, with the addition of -c:
# lucreate -c first_disk -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs
-m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Following creation of a BE, you use luupgrade(1M) to upgrade the OS on the new BE and luactivate(1M) to make that BE the BE you will boot
from upon the next reboot of your machine. Note that the swap partition and all shareable file systems for first_disk will be available to
(shared with) second_disk.
# luupgrade -u -n second_disk
-s /net/installmachine/export/solarisX/OS_image
many lines of output
luupgrade: Upgrade of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
# luactivate second_disk
See luupgrade(1M) and luactivate(1M) for descriptions of those commands.
Example 2: Creating a BE using a Source Other than the Current BE
The following command uses the -s option to specify a source BE other than the current BE.
# lucreate -s third_disk -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs
-m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Example 3: Creating a BE from a Flash Archive
Performing this task involves use of lucreate with the -s - option and luupgrade.
# lucreate -s - -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-n second_disk
brief messages
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
With the -s option, the lucreate command completes it work within seconds. At this point, you can use luupgrade to install the flash ar-
chive:
# luupgrade -f -n second_disk
-s /net/installmachine/export/solarisX/OS_image
-J "archive_location http://example.com/myflash.flar"
See luupgrade(1M) for a description of that command.
Example 4: Sharing and Adding Swap Partitions
In the simplest case, if you do not specify any swap partitions in an lucreate command, all swap partitions in the source BE are shared
with the new BE. For example, assume that the current BE uses /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s7 as its swap partition. You enter the command:
# lucreate -n second_disk -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Upon conclusion of the preceding command, the partition /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s7 will be used by the BE second_disk when that BE is activated and
booted.
If you want a new BE to use a different swap partition from that used by the source BE, enter one or more -m options to specify a new par-
tition or new partitions. Assume, once again, that the current BE uses /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s7 as its swap partition. You enter the command:
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0:ufs -m -:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:swap
-m -:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s2:swap -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Upon activation and boot, the new BE second_disk will use /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1 and /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s2 and will not use /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s7, the
swap partition used by the source BE.
Assume you want the new BE second_disk to share the source BE's swap partition and have an additional swap partition. You enter:
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0:ufs -m -:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:swap
-m -:shared:swap -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Upon activation and boot, the new BE second_disk will use for swapping /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s7, shared with the source BE, and, in addition,
/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1.
Example 5: Using Swap Partitions on Multiple Disks
The command below creates a BE on a second disk and specifies swap partitions on both the first and second disks.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m -:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:swap
-m -:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1:swap -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
Following completion of the preceding command, the BE second_disk will use both /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 and /dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1 as swap partitions.
These swap assignments take effect only after booting from second_disk. If you have a long list of swap partitions, it is useful to use the
-M option, as shown below.
Example 6: Using a Combination of -m and -M Options
In this example, a list of swap partitions is collected in the file /etc/lu/swapslices. The location and name of this file is user-defined.
The contents of /etc/lu/swapslices:
-:/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c0t5d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c1t3d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c1t4d0s2:swap
-:/dev/dsk/c1t5d0s2:swap
This file is specified in the following command:
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c02t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c02t4d0s1:ufs
-M /etc/lu/swapslices -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
The BE second_disk will swap onto the partitions specified in /etc/lu/swapslices.
Example 7: Copying Versus Sharing
The following command copies the user file system /home (in addition to the non-shareable file systems / and /usr) from the current BE to
the new BE:
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-m /home:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s4:ufs -n second_disk
The following command differs from the preceding in that the -m option specifying a destination for /home is omitted. The result of this is
that /home will be shared between the current BE and the BE second_disk.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-n second_disk
Example 8: Using Solaris Volume Manager Volumes
The command shown below does the following:
1. Creates the mirror d10 and establishes this mirror as the receptacle for the root file system.
2. Attaches c0t0d0s0 and c0t1d0s0 to single-slice concatenations d1 and d2, respectively. Note that the specification of these volumes is
optional.
3. Attaches the concatenations associated with c0t0d0s0 and c0t1d0s0 to mirror d10.
4. Copies the current BE's root file system to mirror d10, overwriting any d10 contents.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/md/dsk/d10:ufs,mirror
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0,d1:attach
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0,d2:attach -n newBE
The following command differs from the preceding only in that concatenations for the physical storage devices are not specified. In this
example, lucreate chooses concatenation names from a list of free names and attaches these volumes to the mirror specified in the first -m
option.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/md/dsk/d10:ufs,mirror
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0:attach
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0:attach -n newBE
The following command differs from the preceding commands in that one of the physical disks is detached from a mirror before being attached
to the mirror you create. Also, the contents of one of the physical disks is preserved. The command does the following:
1. Creates the mirror d10 and establishes this mirror as the receptacle for the root file system.
2. Detaches c0t0d0s0 from the mirror to which it is currently attached.
3. Attaches c0t0d0s0 and c0t1d0s0 to concatenations d1 and d2, respectively. Note that the specification of the these concatenations is
optional.
4. Preserves the contents of c0t0d0s0, which presumes that c0t0d0s0 contains a valid copy of the current BE's root file system.
5. Attaches the concatenations associated with c0t0d0s0 and c0t1d0s0 (d1 and d2) to mirror d10.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/md/dsk/d10:ufs,mirror
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0,d1:detach,attach,preserve
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0,d2:attach -n newBE
The preceding command can be abbreviated as follows:
# lucreate -m /:d10:ufs,mirror
-m /:c0t0d0s0:detach,attach,preserve
-m /:c0t1d0s0:attach -n newBE
In the preceding, note that the device names (both physical and logical) are shortened and that the specifiers for the concatenations (d1
and d2) are omitted.
The following command is a follow-on to the first command in this set of examples. This command detaches a concatenation (containing
c0t0d0s0) from one mirror (d10, in the first command) and attaches it to another (d20), preserving its contents.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/md/dsk/d20:ufs,mirror
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0:detach,attach,preserve -n nextBE
The following command creates two mirrors, placing the / file system of the new BE on one mirror and the /opt file system on the other.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/md/dsk/d10:ufs,mirror
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0,d1:attach
-m /:/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0,d2:attach
-m /opt:/dev/md/dsk/d11:ufs,mirror
-m /opt:/dev/dsk/c2t0d0s1,d3:attach
-m /opt:/dev/dsk/c3t1d0s1,d4:attach -n anotherBE
Example 9: Invoking FMLI-based Interface
The command below, by omitting -m or -M options, invokes the FMLI-based interface for Live Upgrade operations. See lu(1M) for a description
of this interface.
# lucreate -n second_disk
The preceding command uses the current BE as the source for the target BE second_disk. In the FMLI interface, you can specify the target
disk slices for second_disk. The following command is a variation on the preceding:
# lucreate -n second_disk -s third_disk
In the preceding command, a source for the target BE is specified. As before, the FMLI interface comes up, enabling you to specify target
disk slices for the new BE.
Example 10: Merging File Systems
The command below merges the /usr/opt file system into the /usr file system. First, here are the disk slices in the BE first_disk,
expressed in the format used for arguments to the -m option:
/:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs
/usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
/usr/opt:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s3:ufs
The following command creates a BE second_disk and performs the merge operation, merging /usr/opt with its parent, /usr.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-m /usr/opt:merged:ufs -n second_disk
Example 11: Splitting a File System
Assume a source BE with /, /usr, and /var all mounted on the same disk slice. The following command creates a BE second_disk that has /,
/usr, and /var all mounted on different disk slices.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /usr:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
/var:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s3:ufs -n second_disk
This separation of a file system's (such as root's) components onto different disk slices is referred to as splitting a file system.
Example 12: Specifying Alternative Slices
The following command uses multiple -m options as alternative disk slices for the new BE second_disk.
# lucreate -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s0:ufs -m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s1:ufs
-m /:/dev/dsk/c0t4d0s5:ufs -n second_disk
many lines of output
lucreate: Creation of Boot Environment <second_disk> successful.
The preceding command specifies three possible disk slices, s0, s1, and s5 for the / file system. lucreate selects the first one of these
slices that is not being used by another BE. Note that the -s option is omitted, meaning that the current BE is the source BE for the cre-
ation of the new BE.
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
/etc/lutab
list of BEs on the system
/usr/share/lib/xml/dtd/lu_cli.dtd.<num>
Live Upgrade DTD (see -X option)
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Availability |SUNWluu |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
lu(1M), luactivate(1M), lucancel(1M), lucompare(1M), lucurr(1M), ludelete(1M), ludesc(1M), lufslist(1M), lumake(1M), lumount(1M), lure-
name(1M), lustatus(1M), luupgrade(1M), lutab(4), attributes(5), live_upgrade(5)
As is true for any Solaris OE upgrade (and not a feature of Live Upgrade), when splitting a directory into multiple mount points, hard
links are not maintained across file systems. For example, if /usr/test1/buglist is hard linked to /usr/test2/buglist, and /usr/test1 and
/usr/test2 are split into separate file systems, the link between the files will no longer exist. If lucreate encounters a hard link across
file systems, the command issues a warning message and creates a symbolic link to replace the lost hard link.
lucreate cannot prevent you from making invalid configurations with respect to non-shareable file systems. For example, you could enter an
lucreate command that would create separate file systems for / and /kernel--an invalid division of /. The resulting BE would be unbootable.
When creating file systems for a boot environment, the rules are identical to the rules for creating file systems for the Solaris operating
environment.
Mindful of the principle described in the preceding paragraph, consider the following:
o In a source BE, you must have valid vfstab entries for every file system you want to copy to or share with a new BE.
o You cannot create a new BE on a disk with overlapping partitions (that is, partitions that share the same physical disk space). The
lucreate command that specifies such a disk might complete, but the resulting BE would be unbootable.
Note - As stated in the description of the -m option, if you use Solaris Volume Manager volumes for boot environments, use lucreate rather
than Solaris Volume Manager commands to manipulate these volumes. The Solaris Volume Manager software has no knowledge of boot
environments; the lucreate command contains checks that prevent you from inadvertently destroying a boot environment by, for exam-
ple, overwriting or deleting a Solaris Volume Manager volume.
For versions of the Solaris operating system prior to Solaris 10, Live Upgrade supports the release it is distributed on and up to three
marketing releases back. For example, if you obtained Live Upgrade with Solaris 9 (including a Solaris 9 upgrade), that version of Live
Upgrade supports Solaris versions 2.6, Solaris 7, and Solaris 8, in addition to Solaris 9. No version of Live Upgrade supports a Solaris
version prior to Solaris 2.6.
Starting with version 10 of the Solaris operating system, Live Upgrade supports the release it is distributed on and up to two marketing
releases back. For example, if you obtained Live Upgrade with Solaris 10 (including a Solaris 10 upgrade), that version of Live Upgrade
supports Solaris 8 and Solaris 9, in addition to Solaris 10.
Correct operation of Solaris Live Upgrade requires that a limited set of patch revisions be installed for a given OS version. Before
installing or running Live Upgrade, you are required to install the limited set of patch revisions. Make sure you have the most recently
updated patch list by consulting http://sunsolve.sun.com. Search for the infodoc 72099 on the SunSolve web site.
5 Oct 2005 lucreate(1M)