SEM_WAIT(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SEM_WAIT(3)
NAME
sem_wait, sem_timedwait, sem_trywait - lock a semaphore
SYNOPSIS
#include <semaphore.h>
int sem_wait(sem_t *sem);
int sem_trywait(sem_t *sem);
int sem_timedwait(sem_t *sem, const struct timespec *abs_timeout);
Link with -lrt or -pthread.
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
sem_timedwait(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 600
DESCRIPTION
sem_wait() decrements (locks) the semaphore pointed to by sem. If the semaphore's value is greater than zero, then the decrement proceeds,
and the function returns, immediately. If the semaphore currently has the value zero, then the call blocks until either it becomes possi-
ble to perform the decrement (i.e., the semaphore value rises above zero), or a signal handler interrupts the call.
sem_trywait() is the same as sem_wait(), except that if the decrement cannot be immediately performed, then call returns an error (errno
set to EAGAIN) instead of blocking.
sem_timedwait() is the same as sem_wait(), except that abs_timeout specifies a limit on the amount of time that the call should block if
the decrement cannot be immediately performed. The abs_timeout argument points to a structure that specifies an absolute timeout in sec-
onds and nanoseconds since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC). This structure is defined as follows:
struct timespec {
time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */
long tv_nsec; /* Nanoseconds [0 .. 999999999] */
};
If the timeout has already expired by the time of the call, and the semaphore could not be locked immediately, then sem_timedwait() fails
with a timeout error (errno set to ETIMEDOUT).
If the operation can be performed immediately, then sem_timedwait() never fails with a timeout error, regardless of the value of abs_time-
out. Furthermore, the validity of abs_timeout is not checked in this case.
RETURN VALUE
All of these functions return 0 on success; on error, the value of the semaphore is left unchanged, -1 is returned, and errno is set to
indicate the error.
ERRORS
EINTR The call was interrupted by a signal handler; see signal(7).
EINVAL sem is not a valid semaphore.
The following additional error can occur for sem_trywait():
EAGAIN The operation could not be performed without blocking (i.e., the semaphore currently has the value zero).
The following additional errors can occur for sem_timedwait():
EINVAL The value of abs_timeout.tv_nsecs is less than 0, or greater than or equal to 1000 million.
ETIMEDOUT
The call timed out before the semaphore could be locked.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES
A signal handler always interrupts a blocked call to one of these functions, regardless of the use of the sigaction(2) SA_RESTART flag.
EXAMPLE
The (somewhat trivial) program shown below operates on an unnamed semaphore. The program expects two command-line arguments. The first
argument specifies a seconds value that is used to set an alarm timer to generate a SIGALRM signal. This handler performs a sem_post(3) to
increment the semaphore that is being waited on in main() using sem_timedwait(). The second command-line argument specifies the length of
the timeout, in seconds, for sem_timedwait(). The following shows what happens on two different runs of the program:
$ ./a.out 2 3
About to call sem_timedwait()
sem_post() from handler
sem_getvalue() from handler; value = 1
sem_timedwait() succeeded
$ ./a.out 2 1
About to call sem_timedwait()
sem_timedwait() timed out
Program source
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
sem_t sem;
#define handle_error(msg)
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
static void
handler(int sig)
{
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "sem_post() from handler
", 24);
if (sem_post(&sem) == -1) {
write(STDERR_FILENO, "sem_post() failed
", 18);
_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sigaction sa;
struct timespec ts;
int s;
if (argc != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <alarm-secs> <wait-secs>
",
argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (sem_init(&sem, 0, 0) == -1)
handle_error("sem_init");
/* Establish SIGALRM handler; set alarm timer using argv[1] */
sa.sa_handler = handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) == -1)
handle_error("sigaction");
alarm(atoi(argv[1]));
/* Calculate relative interval as current time plus
number of seconds given argv[2] */
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == -1)
handle_error("clock_gettime");
ts.tv_sec += atoi(argv[2]);
printf("main() about to call sem_timedwait()
");
while ((s = sem_timedwait(&sem, &ts)) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue; /* Restart if interrupted by handler */
/* Check what happened */
if (s == -1) {
if (errno == ETIMEDOUT)
printf("sem_timedwait() timed out
");
else
perror("sem_timedwait");
} else
printf("sem_timedwait() succeeded
");
exit((s == 0) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
}
SEE ALSO
clock_gettime(2), sem_getvalue(3), sem_post(3), sem_overview(7), time(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2010-02-25 SEM_WAIT(3)