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busybox(1) [linux man page]

BUSYBOX(1)							      busybox								BUSYBOX(1)

NAME
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux SYNTAX
busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked DESCRIPTION
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full- featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system. BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX. USAGE
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations. You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering /bin/busybox ls will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. For example, entering ln -s /bin/busybox ls ./ls will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command. If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. COMMON OPTIONS
Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. COMMANDS
Currently available applets include: [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename, blockdev, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, expand, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, fdisk, fgrep, find, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, ftpget, ftpput, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, init, ionice, ip, ipcalc, kill, killall, klogd, last, length, less, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, ls, lzcat, makedevs, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, renice, reset, rm, rmdir, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-parts, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, static-sh, strings, stty, su, sulogin, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, tty, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
acpid acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE] Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival Options: -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] -d Don't daemonize, (implies -f) -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] -f Run in foreground -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] -p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] -a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] -M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map] addgroup addgroup [-g GID] GROUP Add a group Options: -g GID Group id -S Create a system group adduser adduser [OPTIONS] USER Add a user Options: -h DIR Home directory -g GECOS GECOS field -s SHELL Login shell -G GRP Add user to existing group -S Create a system user -D Don't assign a password -H Don't create home directory -u UID User id adjtimex adjtimex [-q] [-o OFF] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK] Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2) Options: -q Quiet -o OFF Time offset, microseconds -f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) (positive values make clock run faster) -t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 -p TCONST ar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES Extract or list FILES from an ar archive Options: -o Preserve original dates -p Extract to stdout -t List -x Extract -v Verbose arping arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP Send ARP requests/replies Options: -f Quit on first ARP reply -q Quiet -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast -D Duplicated address detection mode -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests -w TIMEOUT Time to wait for ARP reply, seconds -I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -s SRC_IP Sender IP address DST_IP Target IP address awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... Options: -v VAR=VAL Set variable -F SEP Use SEP as field separator -f FILE Read program from FILE basename basename FILE [SUFFIX] Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE blockdev blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV Options: --setro Set ro --setrw Set rw --getro Get ro --getss Get sector size --getbsz Get block size --setbsz BYTES Set block size --getsize Get device size in 512-byte sectors --getsize64 Get device size in bytes --flushbufs Flush buffers --rereadpt Reread partition table brctl brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]] Manage ethernet bridges Commands: addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE bunzip2 bunzip2 [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILEs (or stdin) Options: -c Write to stdout -f Force bzcat bzcat FILE Decompress to stdout bzip2 bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm Options: -1..9 Compression level -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Force cal cal [-jy] [[MONTH] YEAR] Display a calendar Options: -j Use julian dates -y Display the entire year cat cat [FILE]... Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout chgrp chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP Options: -R Recurse -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v Verbose -f Hide errors chmod chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst Options: -R Recurse -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors chown chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE... Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP Options: -R Recurse -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors chroot chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS] Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT chvt chvt N Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN clear clear Clear screen cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin) Options: -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) for all differing bytes -s Quiet cp cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY Options: -a Same as -dpR -R,-r Recurse -d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) -L Follow all symlinks -H Follow symlinks on command line -p Preserve file attributes if possible -f Overwrite -i Prompt before overwrite -l,-s Create (sym)links cpio cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio] Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create an archive using file list on stdin Main operation mode: -t List -i Extract -o Create (requires -H newc) Options: -d Make leading directories -m Preserve mtime -v Verbose -u Overwrite -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file -H newc Archive format crond crond -fbS -l N -L LOGFILE -c DIR -f Foreground -b Background (default) -S Log to syslog (default) -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 -L Log to file -c Working dir crontab crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE] -c Crontab directory -u User -l List crontab -e Edit crontab -r Delete crontab FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin) cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout Options: -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST -c LIST Output only characters from LIST -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter -s Output only the lines containing delimiter -f N Print only these fields -n Ignored date date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME] Display time (using +FMT), or set time Options: [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME -u,--utc Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) -R,--rfc-2822 Output RFC-2822 compliant date string -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string SPEC='date' (default) for date only, 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and time to the indicated precision -r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE -d,--date TIME Display TIME, not 'now' -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion Recognized TIME formats: hh:mm[:ss] [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] dc dc EXPRESSION... Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack (without popping), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix (must be 10, 16, 8 or 2). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16 dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] Copy a file with converting and formatting Options: if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time count=N Copy only N input blocks skip=N Skip N input blocks seek=N Skip N output blocks Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824) deallocvt deallocvt [N] Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN delgroup delgroup GROUP Delete group GROUP from the system deluser deluser USER Delete USER from the system df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM]... Print filesystem usage statistics Options: -P POSIX output format -k 1024-byte blocks (default) -m 1M-byte blocks -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) -a Show all filesystems -i Inodes -B SIZE Blocksize dirname dirname FILENAME Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME dmesg dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE] Print or control the kernel ring buffer Options: -c Clear ring buffer after printing -n LEVEL Set console logging level -s SIZE Buffer size dos2unix dos2unix [-ud] [FILE] Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. Options: -u dos2unix -d unix2dos dpkg dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE Install, remove and manage Debian packages Options: -i,--install Install the package -l,--list List of installed packages --configure Configure an unpackaged package -P,--purge Purge all files of a package -r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package --unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it --force-depends Ignore dependency problems --force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing --force-confold Keep old config files when installing dpkg-deb dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [argument] Perform actions on Debian packages (.debs) Options: -c List contents of filesystem tree -e Extract control files to [argument] directory -f Display control field name starting with [argument] -x Extract packages filesystem tree to directory -X Verbose extract du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. Options: -a Show file sizes too -L Follow all symlinks -H Follow symlinks on command line -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N -c Show grand total -l Count sizes many times if hard linked -s Display only a total for each argument -x Skip directories on different filesystems -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) -m Sizes in megabytes -k Sizes in kilobytes (default) dumpkmap dumpkmap > keymap Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout dumpleases dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE] Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd Options: -f,--file=FILE Lease file -r,--remaining Show remaining time -a,--absolute Show expiration time echo echo [-neE] [ARG]... Print the specified ARGs to stdout Options: -n Suppress trailing newline -e Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., =tab) -E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default) ed ed eject eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE] Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom Options: -s SCSI device -t Close tray -T Open/close tray (toggle) env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS] Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment Options: -, -i Start with an empty environment -u Remove variable from the environment expand expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]... Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout Options: -i,--initial Don't convert tabs after non blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars expr expr EXPRESSION Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout EXPRESSION may be: ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 % ARG2 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING Length of STRING quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/' (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between ( and ) or null; if ( and ) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0. false false Return an exit code of FALSE (1) fbset fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] Show and modify frame buffer settings fdflush fdflush DEVICE Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change fdisk fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK Change partition table Options: -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors -H HEADS -S SECTORS find find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION] Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default EXPRESSION is '-print' EXPRESSION may consist of: -follow Follow symlinks -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies tests/actions to command line arguments only -mindepth N Don't act on first N levels -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN), or exactly NNN -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N days -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N minutes -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's -inum N File has inode number N -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) -depth Process directory name after traversing it -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N -print Print (default and assumed) -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than newlines -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the matching files -prune Stop traversing current subtree (EXPR) Group an expression fold fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... Wrap input lines in each FILE (or stdin), writing to stdout Options: -b Count bytes rather than columns -s Break at spaces -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 free free [-b/k/m/g] Display the amount of free and used system memory freeramdisk freeramdisk DEVICE Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk fsck.minix fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV Check MINIX filesystem Options: -l List all filenames -r Perform interactive repairs -a Perform automatic repairs -v Verbose -s Output superblock information -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings -f Force file system check ftpget ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE Retrieve a remote file via FTP Options: -c,--continue Continue previous transfer -v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username Username -p,--password Password -P,--port Port number ftpput ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP Options: -v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username Username -p,--password Password -P,--port Port number getopt getopt [OPTIONS] Options: -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single - -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -Q,--quiet-output No normal output -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output getty getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE] Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login Options: -h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control -i Don't display /etc/issue before running login -L Local line, don't do carrier detect -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -n Don't prompt the user for a login name -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname grep grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFEz] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f FILE [FILE]... Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin) Options: -H Add 'filename:' prefix -h Do not add 'filename:' prefix -n Add 'line_no:' prefix -l Show only names of files that match -L Show only names of files that don't match -c Show only count of matching lines -o Show only the matching part of line -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise -v Select non-matching lines -s Suppress open and read errors -r Recurse -i Ignore case -w Match whole words only -F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) -E PATTERN is an extended regexp -z Input is NUL terminated -m N Match up to N times per file -A N Print N lines of trailing context -B N Print N lines of leading context -C N Same as '-A N -B N' -e PTRN Pattern to match -f FILE Read pattern from file gunzip gunzip [-cft] [FILE]... Decompress FILEs (or stdin) Options: -c Write to stdout -f Force -t Test file integrity gzip gzip [-cfd] [FILE]... Compress FILEs (or stdin) Options: -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Force head head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. Options: -n N[kbm] Print first N lines -c N[kbm] Print first N bytes -q Never print headers -v Always print headers N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). hexdump hexdump [-bcCdefnosvx] [FILE]... Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format Options: -b One-byte octal display -c One-byte character display -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line -d Two-byte decimal display -e FORMAT STRING -f FORMAT FILE -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input -o Two-byte octal display -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes -v Display all input data -x Two-byte hexadecimal display hostid hostid Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine hostname hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE] Get or set hostname or DNS domain name Options: -s Short -i Addresses for the hostname -d DNS domain name -f Fully qualified domain name -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname httpd httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e STRING Listen for incoming HTTP requests Options: -i Inetd mode -f Don't daemonize -v[v] Verbose -p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -h HOME Home directory (default .) -c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) -e STRING HTML encode STRING -d STRING URL decode STRING hwclock hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE] Query and set hardware clock (RTC) Options: -r Show hardware clock time -s Set system time from hardware clock -w Set hardware clock to system time -u Hardware clock is in UTC -l Hardware clock is in local time -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) id id [OPTIONS] [USER] Print information about USER or the current user Options: -u User ID -g Group ID -G Supplementary group IDs -n Print names instead of numbers -r Print real ID instead of effective ID ifconfig ifconfig [-a] interface [address] Configure a network interface Options: [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] [up|down] ... ifdown ifdown [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE... Options: -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration ifup ifup [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE... Options: -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration init init Init is the parent of all processes ionice ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG] Change I/O priority and class Options: -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle -n Priority ip ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND} ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] } ipcalc ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK] Calculate IP network settings from a IP address Options: -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address -n,--network Display calculated network address -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages kill kill [-l] [-SIG] PID... Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs Options: -l List all signal names and numbers killall killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME... Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes Options: -l List all signal names and numbers -q Don't complain if no processes were killed klogd klogd [-c N] [-n] Kernel logger Options: -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console -n Run in foreground last last Show listing of the last users that logged into the system length length STRING Print STRING's length less less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]... View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time Options: -E Quit once the end of a file is reached -M,-m Display status line with line numbers and percentage through the file -N Prefix line number to each line -I Ignore case in all searches -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file ln ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s) Options: -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks -f Remove existing destinations -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files loadfont loadfont < font Load a console font from stdin loadkmap loadkmap < keymap Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin logger logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE] Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog Options: -s Log to stderr as well as the system log -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair) login login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER] Begin a new session on the system Options: -f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) -h Name of the remote host -p Preserve environment logname logname Print the name of the current user logread logread [-f] Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer Options: -f Output data as log grows losetup losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show Options: -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE -f Show first free loop device ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]... List directory contents Options: -1 List in a single column -A Don't list . and .. -a Don't hide entries starting with . -C List by columns -c With -l: sort by ctime --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring -d List directory entries instead of contents -e List full date and time -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries -i List inode numbers -l Long listing format -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries -L List entries pointed to by symlinks -R Recurse -r Sort in reverse order -S Sort by file size -s List the size of each file, in blocks -T N Assume tabstop every N columns -t With -l: sort by modification time -u With -l: sort by access time -v Sort by version -w N Assume the terminal is N columns wide -x List by lines -X Sort by extension -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G) lzcat lzcat FILE Decompress to stdout makedevs makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of: <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries. md5sum md5sum [FILE]... or: md5sum -c [-sw] [FILE] Print or check MD5 checksums Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines mdev mdev [-s] -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug mesg mesg [y|n] Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal microcom microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout Options: -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every next byte to it -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -s Set serial line to SPEED -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin mkdir mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... Create DIRECTORY Options: -m MODE Mode -p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed mkfifo mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME Create named pipe Options: -m MODE Mode (default a=rw) mkfs.minix mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Make a MINIX filesystem Options: -c Check device for bad blocks -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE -v Make version 2 filesystem mknod mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) Options: -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) TYPE: b Block device c or u Character device p Named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored) mkswap mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition Options: -L LBL Label mktemp mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Options: -d Make a directory instead of a file -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t) For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR, else /tmp more more [FILE]... View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time mount mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. Options: -a Mount all filesystems in fstab -f Dry run -i Don't run mount helper -r Read-only mount -w Read-write mount (default) -t FSTYPE Filesystem type -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) -o OPT: loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted bind Bind a file or directory to another location move Relocate an existing mount point remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ro/rw Same as -r/-w There are filesystem-specific -o flags. mt mt [-f device] opcode value Control magnetic tape drive operation Available Opcodes: bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset mv mv [-fin] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... DIRECTORY Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY Options: -f Don't prompt before overwriting -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite -n Don't overwrite an existing file nameif nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}] Rename network interface while it in the down state Options: -c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address nc nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p PORT] [-f FILE|IPADDR PORT] [-e PROG] Open a pipe to IP:PORT or FILE Options: -e PROG Run PROG after connect -l Listen mode, for inbound connects (use -l twice with -e for persistent server) -p PORT Local port -w SEC Timeout for connect -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent -f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network netstat netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-en] Display networking information Options: -r Routing table -a All sockets -l Listening sockets Else: connected sockets -t TCP sockets -u UDP sockets -w Raw sockets -x Unix sockets Else: all socket types -e Other/more information -n Don't resolve names nslookup nslookup [HOST] [SERVER] Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE] Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE (or stdin) to stdout openvt openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS] Start PROG on a new virtual terminal Options: -c N Use specified VT -s Switch to the VT -w Wait for PROG to exit passwd passwd [OPTIONS] [USER] Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, changes the password for the current user. Options: -a ALG Algorithm to use for password (des, md5) -d Delete password for the account -l Lock (disable) account -u Unlock (re-enable) account patch patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] -p,--strip N Strip N leading components from file names -i,--input DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin -R,--reverse Reverse patch -N,--forward Ignore already applied patches --dry-run Don't actually change files -E,--remove-empty-files Remove output files if they become empty pidof pidof [NAME]... List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs ping ping [OPTIONS] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts Options: -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) (after all -c CNT packets are sent) -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) (can exit earlier with -c CNT) -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finished ping6 ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts Options: -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finished pivot_root pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system printf printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]... Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf ps ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T] Show list of processes Options: -o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display -T Show threads pwd pwd Print the full filename of the current working directory rdate rdate [-sp] HOST Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST Options: -s Set the system date and time (default) -p Print the date and time readlink readlink [-fnv] FILE Display the value of a symlink Options: -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks -n Don't add newline -v Verbose realpath realpath FILE... Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE renice renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...] Change scheduling priority for a running process Options: -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) -p Process id(s) (default) -g Process group id(s) -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s) reset reset Reset the screen rm rm [-irf] FILE... Remove (unlink) FILEs Options: -i Always prompt before removing -f Never prompt -R,-r Recurse rmdir rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty Options: -p|--parents Include parents --ignore-fail-on-non-empty route route [{add|del|delete}] Edit kernel routing tables Options: -n Don't resolve names -e Display other/more information -A inet{6} Select address family rpm rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm Manipulate RPM packages Commands: -i Install package -qp Query package Options: -i Show information -l List contents -d List documents -c List config files rpm2cpio rpm2cpio package.rpm Output a cpio archive of the rpm file run-parts run-parts [-t] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY Options: -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]... Options: -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed -i Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout) -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space -r Use extended regex syntax If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). setkeycodes setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE... Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal. sha1sum sha1sum [FILE]... or: sha1sum -c [-sw] [FILE] Print or check SHA1 checksums Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines sha256sum sha256sum [FILE]... or: sha256sum -c [-sw] [FILE] Print or check SHA256 checksums Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines sha512sum sha512sum [FILE]... or: sha512sum -c [-sw] [FILE] Print or check SHA512 checksums Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines sleep sleep [N]... Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays sort sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]... Sort lines of text Options: -b Ignore leading blanks -c Check whether input is sorted -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) -f Ignore case -g General numerical sort -i Ignore unprintable characters -k Sort key -M Sort month -n Sort numbers -o Output to file -k Sort by key -t CHAR Key separator -r Reverse sort order -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) -u Suppress duplicate lines -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility start-stop-daemon start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...] Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found. Process matching: -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME in comm field in /proc/PID/stat -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command in /proc/PID/cmdline -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file All specified conditions must match -S only: -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument -b,--background Background -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p -K only: -s,--signal SIG Signal to send -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found Other: -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -v,--verbose Verbose -q,--quiet Quiet strings strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]... Display printable strings in a binary file Options: -a Scan whole file (default) -f Precede strings with filenames -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) -o Precede strings with decimal offsets stty stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane Options: -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin -a Print all current settings in human-readable form -g Print in stty-readable form [SETTING] See manpage su su [OPTIONS] [-] [USERNAME] Change user id or become root Options: -p,-m Preserve environment -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell sulogin sulogin [-t N] [TTY] Single user login Options: -t N Timeout swapoff swapoff [-a] [DEVICE] Stop swapping on DEVICE Options: -a Stop swapping on all swap devices swapon swapon [-a] [DEVICE] Start swapping on DEVICE Options: -a Start swapping on all swap devices sync sync Write all buffered blocks to disk syslogd syslogd [OPTIONS] System logging utility. This version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf Options: -n Run in foreground -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) -l N Set local log level -S Smaller logging output -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread) tac tac [FILE]... Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse tail tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. Options: -f Print data as file grows -s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f -n N[kbm] Print last N lines -c N[kbm] Print last N bytes -q Never print headers -v Always print headers N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). If N starts with a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, not from the end. tar tar -[cxtzjaZmvO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]... Create, extract, or list files from a tar file Operation: c Create x Extract t List Options: f Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) C Change to DIR before operation v Verbose z (De)compress using gzip j (De)compress using bzip2 a (De)compress using lzma Z (De)compress using compress O Extract to stdout h Follow symlinks m Don't restore mtime tee tee [-ai] [FILE]... Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout Options: -a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) telnet telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT] Connect to telnet server Options: -a Automatic login with $USER variable -l USER Automatic login as USER telnetd telnetd [OPTIONS] Handle incoming telnet connections via inetd Options: -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -K Close connection as soon as login exits (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) test test EXPRESSION ] Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code depending on logical value of EXPRESSION tftp tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] Transfer a file from/to tftp server Options: -l FILE Local FILE -r FILE Remote FILE -g Get file -p Put file -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets time time [-v] PROG ARGS Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits Options: -v Verbose timeout timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG ARGS Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM. top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of them. touch touch [-c] [-d DATE] [-r FILE] FILE [FILE]... Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s] Options: -c Don't create files -d DT Date/time to use -r FILE Use FILE's date/time tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout Options: -c Take complement of STRING1 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character traceroute traceroute [-46FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST Options: -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution -F Set the don't fragment bit -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams -l Display the TTL value of the returned packet -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print numeric addresses -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST -v Verbose -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p Base UDP port number used in probes (default 33434) -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3) -s IP address to use as the source address -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3) -g Loose source route gateway (8 max) traceroute6 traceroute6 [-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE] HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST Options: -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print numeric addresses -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST -v Verbose -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p Base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434) -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3) -s IP address to use as the source address -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3) true true Return an exit code of TRUE (0) tty tty Print file name of stdin's terminal Options: -s Print nothing, only return exit status tunctl tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) Create or delete tun interfaces Options: -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun) -t name Create iface 'name' -d name Delete iface 'name' udhcpc udhcpc [-fbnqoCR] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-H HOSTNAME] [-V VENDOR] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... -i,--interface IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -p,--pidfile FILE Create pidfile -s,--script PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -t,--retries N Send up to N discover packets -T,--timeout N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) -A,--tryagain N Wait N seconds after failure (default 20) -f,--foreground Run in foreground -b,--background Background if lease is not obtained -n,--now Exit if lease is not obtained -q,--quit Exit after obtaining lease -R,--release Release IP on exit -S,--syslog Log to syslog too -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address -O,--request-option OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given) -r,--request IP Request this IP address -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: -x hostname:bbox - option 12 -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) -F,--fqdn NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME -H,-h,--hostname NAME Send NAME as client hostname (default none) -V,--vendorclass VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') -C,--clientid-none Don't send MAC as client identifier udhcpd udhcpd [-fS] [CONFFILE] DHCP server -f Run in foreground -S Log to syslog too umount umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY Unmount file systems Options: -a Unmount all file systems -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) -d Free loop device if it has been used uname uname [-amnrspv] Print system information Options: -a Print all -m The machine (hardware) type -n Hostname -r OS release -s OS name (default) -p Processor type -v OS version uncompress uncompress [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress .Z file[s] Options: -c Write to stdout -f Overwrite unexpand unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]... Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout Options: -a,--all Convert all blanks -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars uniq uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [INPUT [OUTPUT]] Discard duplicate lines Options: -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d Only print duplicate lines -u Only print unique lines -f N Skip first N fields -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) -w N Compare N characters in line unix2dos unix2dos [-ud] [FILE] Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. Options: -u dos2unix -d unix2dos unlzma unlzma [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILE (or stdin) Options: -c Write to stdout -f Force unzip unzip [-opts[modifiers]] FILE[.zip] [LIST] [-x XLIST] [-d DIR] Extract files from ZIP archives Options: -l List archive contents (with -q for short form) -n Never overwrite files (default) -o Overwrite -p Send output to stdout -q Quiet -x XLST Exclude these files -d DIR Extract files into DIR uptime uptime Display the time since the last boot usleep usleep N Pause for N microseconds uudecode uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given uuencode uuencode [-m] [INFILE] STORED_FILENAME Uuencode a file to stdout Options: -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 vconfig vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] Create and remove virtual ethernet devices Options: add [interface-name] [vlan_id] rem [vlan-name] set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1] set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_name_type [name-type] vi vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Edit FILE Options: -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) -R Read-only -H Short help regarding available features vlock vlock [-a] Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. Options: -a Lock all VTs watch watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS Run PROG periodically Options: -n Loop period in seconds (default 2) -t Don't print header watchdog watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV Periodically write to watchdog device DEV Options: -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) -F Run in foreground Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds wc wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]... Count lines, words, and bytes for each FILE (or stdin) Options: -c Count bytes -m Count characters -l Count newlines -w Count words -L Print longest line length wget wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document FILE] [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] [--no-check-certificate] [-U|--user-agent AGENT] URL Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP Options: -s Spider mode - only check file existence -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer -q Quiet -P DIR Save to DIR (default .) -O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) -U STR Use STR for User-Agent header -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off') which which [COMMAND]... Locate a COMMAND who who [-a] Show who is logged on Options: -a Show all whoami whoami Print the user name associated with the current effective user id xargs xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] Run PROG on every item given by stdin Options: -r Don't run command if input is empty -t Print the command on stderr before execution -e[STR] STR stops input processing -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes yes yes [STRING] Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y' zcat zcat FILE Decompress to stdout LIBC NSS
GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS. If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries. MAINTAINER
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> AUTHORS
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update. Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> run-parts Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that nobody is going to actually read. Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk> rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com> ftpput, ftpget Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> expr, hostid, logname, whoami John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org> du, nslookup, sort Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> tiny-ls(ls) Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> fbset, ping, hostname Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> ipcalc Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se> tftp client insmod powerpc support Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org> httpd Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com> Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, logread), various fixes. Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> mktemp.c Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu> documentation, bugfixes, test suite Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net> ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> tr Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au> Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org> cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; locale, various fixes and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can still be found hiding here and there... Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> bug fixes, member of fan club Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com> reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> Lots of bugs fixes and patches. Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> Remote logging feature for syslogd Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org> grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> gzip, mini-netcat(nc) Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it> devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name> port: dnsd Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com> misc Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes) version 1.18.4 2011-09-01 BUSYBOX(1)
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