UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers

Hi as per the article given.
Boot Linux Grub Into Single User Mode

I m modifying the boot entry

Code:

grub edit> kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet Single

and then booting from it by pressing b.
However the machine is getting booted into runlevel 5.

if the above entry is modified as

Code:

grub edit> kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet 1

then it goes into runlevel 1.

I just want to know why Single word is not working? and
Is booting the system into runlevel 1 is same as single user mode?



when i try with following parameter (note : s is small letter)

Code:

grub edit> kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet single

the machine get booted to an environment which looks similar to single user mode but when i type runlevel is says unknown.

Code:

#runlevel
unknown

None of those are options the kernel understands; it depends on the init system. So that's distro specific and that article should've labelled it as such.

If you really, really need the system to boot into something raw, you can force the kernel to not use the init system at all with the parameter init=/bin/bash, or whatever shell you want it to use. That's something the kernel really does understand and abide by. If it's able to find and run that shell, it'll dump you into it as root with a read-only root filesystem and no init system running at all and you free to do what you please.

kernel understands; it depends on the init system. So that's distr