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how floppy disks, CDs and flash drives (pen drives) are accessed in UNIX
04-06-2007
how floppy disks, CDs and flash drives (pen drives) are accessed in UNIX
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IOSTAT(8) BSD System Manager's Manual IOSTAT(8) NAME
iostat -- report I/O statistics SYNOPSIS
iostat [-CdDITx] [-c count] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait] [drives] DESCRIPTION
iostat displays kernel I/O statistics on terminal, disk and CPU operations. By default, iostat displays one line of statistics averaged over the machine's run time. The use of -c presents successive lines averaged over the wait period. The -I option causes iostat to print raw, unaveraged values. Only the last disk option specified (-d, -D, or -x) is used. The options are as follows: -c count Repeat the display count times. Unless the -I flag is in effect, the first display is for the time since a reboot and each sub- sequent report is for the time period since the last display. If no wait interval is specified, the default is 1 second. -C Show CPU statistics. This is enabled by default unless the -d, -D, -T, or -x flags are used. -d Show disk statistics. This is the default. Displays kilobytes per transfer, number of transfers, and megabytes transferred. Use of this flag disables display of CPU and tty statistics. -D Show alternative disk statistics. Displays kilobytes transferred, number of transfers, and time spent in transfers. Use of this flag disables the default display. -I Show the running total values, rather than an average. -M core Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core instead of the default ``/dev/mem''. -N system Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default ``/netbsd''. -T Show tty statistics. This is enabled by default unless the -C, -d, or -D flags are used. -w wait Pause wait seconds between each display. If no repeat count is specified, the default is infinity. -x Show extended disk statistics. Each disk is displayed on a line of its own with all available statistics. This option overrides all other display options, and all disks are displayed unless specific disks are provided as arguments. Additionally, separate read and write statistics are displayed. iostat displays its information in the following format: tty tin characters read from terminals tout characters written to terminals disks Disk operations. The header of the field is the disk name and unit number. If more than four disk drives are configured in the sys- tem, iostat displays only the first four drives. To force iostat to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the com- mand line. KB/t Kilobytes transferred per disk transfer t/s transfers per second MB/s Megabytes transferred per second The alternative display format, (selected with -D), presents the following values. KB Kilobytes transferred xfr Disk transfers time Seconds spent in disk activity cpu us % of CPU time in user mode ni % of CPU time in user mode running niced processes sy % of CPU time in system mode id % of CPU time in idle mode FILES
/netbsd Default kernel namelist. /dev/mem Default memory file. SEE ALSO
fstat(1), netstat(1), nfsstat(1), ps(1), systat(1), vmstat(1), pstat(8) The sections starting with ``Interpreting system activity'' in Installing and Operating 4.3BSD. HISTORY
iostat appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX. The -x option was added in NetBSD 1.4. BSD
March 1, 2003 BSD