Explaining behaviour of sudo bash "$0" "$@";


 
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# 8  
Old 11-02-2018
Those are round braces, not curly braces, and they create a sub-shell. Right now their only side-effect is wasting time and memory, but if you make a habit of that you'll discover that variable assignments and the like don't communicate outside them.

So they're not decorations and can cause problems if you make a habit of it.
This User Gave Thanks to Corona688 For This Post:
# 9  
Old 11-02-2018
Bash programming is a true headache for beginners. May you suggest any reference book that has this kind of explanations if there is any? Conventions, best practices?
# 10  
Old 11-06-2018
Conventions and best practices are to avoid inventing new syntax to make it "look better". Don't do that. Every time I've done that I've come to regret it when it fails to translate to some other shell.

Never paste shell code into a word processor. It will convert all your quote characters into nasty smart quote characters which to the shell don't count as quotes at all.

Arithmetic is best done inside RESULT=$((VAR+37)) statements instead of archaic let statements.

Numerical comparisons are best done inside if (( VAR1 > VAR2 )) statements instead of the archaic if [ "$VAR1" -gt "$VAR2" ]

String comparisons are still done inside if [[ "$STR" == "$STR2" ]] statements, note the doubled [[ ]]. The single [ ] mostly work the same but are archaic.

Backticks a la VAR=`command` are also archaic. To capture the output of a command, use VAR=$(command) instead.

Never use the $? special variable if you can possibly help it. If you're trying to use it, there's probably a logic structure that would work better, such as if, while, or case.

You can always plug a command into an if/while statement where you'd put a ((math)) or [[ bracket ]] statement, because to the shell they're mostly the same thing. case is different, case operates on a string.

Whitespace is unimportant inside (( )) brackets, but anywhere else, whitespace is crucial. This is wrong:

VAR = "value"

This is right:

VAR="value"

Single quotes ' and double-quotes " can both be used to denote strings but operate differently. Any text inside single quotes is not evaluated, where text inside double-quotes has variables substituted inside.

If you manage to force quote characters to be stored in a variable, they are not processed specially by the shell any more, they're just characters.

Avoid making too-long command | command | command | command | command chains. They are inefficient.

Avoid using external commands to process single strings, like VAR=$(echo "a b c" | awk '{ print $1 }') There's usually a shell builtin that will do a better job without the overhead of making an entire external program / language load, process, print, and quit.

The advanced bash programming guide is a good place to look things up since nobody really had everything memorized.

Last edited by Corona688; 11-06-2018 at 12:22 PM..
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